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electrophysical agents 2 > neuromuscular electrical stimulation > Flashcards

neuromuscular electrical stimulation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of neuromuscular electrical stimulation

A

increases strength in the innervated muscles

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2
Q

xteristics of nems

A

freq..30-50
pulse duration..1-400 s
amplitude.. contraction must be achieved

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3
Q

features of type 1 or slow twitch muscle fiber

A 
aerobic
muscular endurance 
moderate weight 
12-20 reps
30-50 percent of 1rep maximum
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4
Q

features of type 2 or fast twitch muscle fibers

A 
anaerobic 
muscular strength 
heavy weight 
3-5 reps 
80 perc of 1 rep maximum
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5
Q

in type 1 what hz are the following respectively

vibration,tetanization,maximal tetanic contraction

A

0-10
10-33
33

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6
Q

in type 11 what are the hz of the following vibration tetenization and maximal tetanic contraction

A

0-33
33-66
66

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7
Q

what are the responses to the muscle fibers when nems is applied

A

acuumulation of lactic acid reduces
fatigue is delayed
glucose consumption increases
blood flow and oxygen consumption increases
there is a ch1ange is aerobic and anaerobic capacities
trpomyosis varies from rapid to slow

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8
Q

what fibers are stimulated at a higher rate in nmes application

A

type 2

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9
Q

why is the type 1 fiber activated earlier than the type 2 in involuntary contraction

A

Because involuntary stimulation progresses from the smallest diameter motor neuron to the largest diameter)

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10
Q

xteristics of the typr 1 fiber formed by the nmes

A

high resistance
endurance
low mx contraction rate

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11
Q

nmes reduces pain with an incease in wat

A

microcirculation

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12
Q

advantages of the monopolar application

A

incr ROM
inhibits atrophy
increases muscle mass. reeducation and facilitation

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13
Q

what techniques are used in the superempoze techni in nmes application

A

fast interpolation tech

superficial electrical stimulation tech

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14
Q

roles of nmes in spacity

A

increase muscle strength
incr excitability
incr in blood circulation
recovery of functionality and recovery control

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15
Q

what type of contraction should be preferd in nmes

A

stimulation of motor nerves

patient participation

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16
Q

what types of application of contarction are suitable fpr agonist and antagonist muscle respectively

A

tetanic contr

surge application

17
Q

what type of contractio should be applied for edema , analgesia and muscel spasm

A

tetanic
intermittent
surge

18
Q

main contraindication

A

peripheral vascular disease
cognitive impairement
sensory impairement
unstable hyper or hypotension

19
Q

what electrophysiscal agent is applied to paralyzed muscles

A

FES OR functional electrical stimulation

20
Q

main purpose of FES

A

contraction and helps the reflex motor activities to normalize
replacement of motor functions
eliminating gait and standing disturbance

21
Q

afferent and efferent fes

A

efferent is a direct stimulation of the motor nerves
afferent is indirect late weaker response occur as a result of stimulation of the sensory nerves and activation of the spinal reflex mechanism

22
Q

what do we do for motor learning

A 
TEACH NORMAL MOVEMENT
• PROVIDE MUSCLE ACTIVATION
• MAKING FOCUS ON MOVEMENT
• LOTS OF REPETITION
• GIVING TRAINING TO ACTIVITY-BASED MOVEMENT
23
Q

types of electrodes

A

superficial…superficial
percutaneous….about 3 months
implants … 3 months plus

24
Q

parameters for fes

A 
freq...20-200
upper extremity..12-15
lower  extremity...18-25
intensity..15-120 volts 
pulse duration..200-400 us
duration..0,1-1
25
Q

clinical aims for fes

A 
Rehabilitation of motor functions
• Restoring reflex mechanisms
• Support for spontaneous recovery
• Accelerate neuromotor development
• Prevent / correct disorders that develop especially in locomotormusculoskeletal system after disorders
26
Q

features of unilateral single chanel stimulation

A

it can peform ipsilateral and contralateral control

27
Q

the odstock dropped foot stimulator is divided into

A

bionic walk aid

stimulation time during walking

28
Q

emg trigger point stimulation has a

A

closed biofeedback

29
Q

what is a parastep

A

its an FES with a superficial electrode

its designed for standing in short distances in patients with thoracic level complete paraplegia and stroke

30
Q

what is a neuroprotesis

A

developed for walking in patients with incomplete
paraplegia and stroke. Suitable for patients with drop foot and no
muscle control on one leg.

31
Q

what nerve is stimulated in the neuroprotesis application

A

peroneal nerve

32
Q

what rom movement does the stimulation of the peroneal nerve cause

A

flexion reflex

hip knee and ankle

33
Q

fes containing system has been developed for

A

grip activity for upper extremity

34
Q

what fes provides ambulation

A

hybrid orthosis

35
Q

hybrid orthosis is a combination of

A

fes and mechanical orthotics

36
Q

indications for fes

A 
Stroke
Spinal cord injury
Cerebral palsy
Central nervous system
diseases (MS, ALS)
37
Q

what is nmes

A

its the activation of muscle strengthening for

38
Q

what is fes

A

activation of skeletal muscle for reeducation or movement training for functional use

electrophysical agents 2 (8 decks)

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