neuromuscular electrical stimulation

Question 1

what is the purpose of neuromuscular electrical stimulation

Answer 1

increases strength in the innervated muscles

Question 2

xteristics of nems

Answer 2

freq..30-50
pulse duration..1-400 s
amplitude.. contraction must be achieved

Question 3

features of type 1 or slow twitch muscle fiber

Answer 3

aerobic
muscular endurance 
moderate weight 
12-20 reps
30-50 percent of 1rep maximum

Question 4

features of type 2 or fast twitch muscle fibers

Answer 4

anaerobic 
muscular strength 
heavy weight 
3-5 reps 
80 perc of 1 rep maximum

Question 5

in type 1 what hz are the following respectively

vibration,tetanization,maximal tetanic contraction

Answer 5

0-10
10-33
33

Question 6

in type 11 what are the hz of the following vibration tetenization and maximal tetanic contraction

Answer 6

0-33
33-66
66

Question 7

what are the responses to the muscle fibers when nems is applied

Answer 7

acuumulation of lactic acid reduces
fatigue is delayed
glucose consumption increases
blood flow and oxygen consumption increases
there is a ch1ange is aerobic and anaerobic capacities
trpomyosis varies from rapid to slow

Question 8

what fibers are stimulated at a higher rate in nmes application

Answer 8

type 2

Question 9

why is the type 1 fiber activated earlier than the type 2 in involuntary contraction

Answer 9

Because involuntary stimulation progresses from the smallest diameter motor neuron to the largest diameter)

Question 10

xteristics of the typr 1 fiber formed by the nmes

Answer 10

high resistance
endurance
low mx contraction rate

Question 11

nmes reduces pain with an incease in wat

Answer 11

microcirculation

Question 12

advantages of the monopolar application

Answer 12

incr ROM
inhibits atrophy
increases muscle mass. reeducation and facilitation

Question 13

what techniques are used in the superempoze techni in nmes application

Answer 13

fast interpolation tech

superficial electrical stimulation tech

Question 14

roles of nmes in spacity

Answer 14

increase muscle strength
incr excitability
incr in blood circulation
recovery of functionality and recovery control

Question 15

what type of contraction should be preferd in nmes

Answer 15

stimulation of motor nerves

patient participation

Question 16

what types of application of contarction are suitable fpr agonist and antagonist muscle respectively

Answer 16

tetanic contr

surge application

Question 17

what type of contractio should be applied for edema , analgesia and muscel spasm

Answer 17

tetanic
intermittent
surge

Question 18

main contraindication

Answer 18

peripheral vascular disease
cognitive impairement
sensory impairement
unstable hyper or hypotension

Question 19

what electrophysiscal agent is applied to paralyzed muscles

Answer 19

FES OR functional electrical stimulation

Question 20

main purpose of FES

Answer 20

contraction and helps the reflex motor activities to normalize
replacement of motor functions
eliminating gait and standing disturbance

Question 21

afferent and efferent fes

Answer 21

efferent is a direct stimulation of the motor nerves
afferent is indirect late weaker response occur as a result of stimulation of the sensory nerves and activation of the spinal reflex mechanism

Question 22

what do we do for motor learning

Answer 22

TEACH NORMAL MOVEMENT
• PROVIDE MUSCLE ACTIVATION
• MAKING FOCUS ON MOVEMENT
• LOTS OF REPETITION
• GIVING TRAINING TO ACTIVITY-BASED MOVEMENT

Question 23

types of electrodes

Answer 23

superficial…superficial
percutaneous….about 3 months
implants … 3 months plus

Question 24

parameters for fes

Answer 24

freq...20-200
upper extremity..12-15
lower  extremity...18-25
intensity..15-120 volts 
pulse duration..200-400 us
duration..0,1-1

Question 25

clinical aims for fes

Answer 25

``` Rehabilitation of motor functions • Restoring reflex mechanisms • Support for spontaneous recovery • Accelerate neuromotor development • Prevent / correct disorders that develop especially in locomotormusculoskeletal system after disorders ```

Question 26

features of unilateral single chanel stimulation

Answer 26

it can peform ipsilateral and contralateral control

Question 27

the odstock dropped foot stimulator is divided into

Answer 27

bionic walk aid | stimulation time during walking

Question 28

emg trigger point stimulation has a

Answer 28

closed biofeedback

Question 29

what is a parastep

Answer 29

its an FES with a superficial electrode | its designed for standing in short distances in patients with thoracic level complete paraplegia and stroke

Question 30

what is a neuroprotesis

Answer 30

developed for walking in patients with incomplete paraplegia and stroke. Suitable for patients with drop foot and no muscle control on one leg.

Question 31

what nerve is stimulated in the neuroprotesis application

Answer 31

peroneal nerve

Question 32

what rom movement does the stimulation of the peroneal nerve cause

Answer 32

flexion reflex | hip knee and ankle

Question 33

fes containing system has been developed for

Answer 33

grip activity for upper extremity

Question 34

what fes provides ambulation

Answer 34

hybrid orthosis

Question 35

hybrid orthosis is a combination of

Answer 35

fes and mechanical orthotics

Question 36

indications for fes

Answer 36

``` Stroke Spinal cord injury Cerebral palsy Central nervous system diseases (MS, ALS) ```

Question 37

what is nmes

Answer 37

its the activation of muscle strengthening for

Question 38

what is fes

Answer 38

activation of skeletal muscle for reeducation or movement training for functional use