neuromuscular disorders Flashcards
2 main types of motoneuron
1/ Alpha (skeletomotor): fast myelinated, large diameter
2/ Gamma (fusimotor): thinner, slower myelinated conducting axons, innervating muscle spindle stretch receptor
Drugs associated with presynaptic alteration
metronidazole, azathioprine, aminopyridine
Drugs associated with synaptic alteration
anticholinestherase (organophosphate, edrophonium chloride, neostigmine bromide, pyridostigminde bromide)
Drugs associated with pre + post synaptic alteration
aminoglycosides (gentamicin), antiarrhytthmics (procainamide, lidocain, phenitoin, propanolol, sotalol, verapramil), lincosamides (clindamycin), anticonvulsivants, procaine peniciline, polymixin B
Drugs associated with postsynaptic alteration
succinylcholine, atracurium, vecuronium, pancuronium, oxytetarcycline
Causes of reduced release of Ach
botulism
tick paralysis
aminoglycoside
hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia
Causes of increased release of Ach
hypomagnesemia
Black widow envenomation
prolonged insertion activity in EMG is associated with
denervated muscle
polymyosistis
causes of incremental CMAP
Botulism (Amp, AUC)
Hypermagnesemia (Amp, AUC)
pseudofacilitation (Amp only)
innervation of penis/prepuce
penis: sacral plexus
prepuce: L3-L4
histology of polyneuritis equi
progressive granulomatous inflammation of cauda equina +/- spinal and cranial nerve
demyelinated nerve fascicles infiltrated by inflammatory cells
most common cranial nerve in polyneuritis equi
V, VII, VIII
Diagnostic of polyneuritis equi
1/ biopsy of sacro-caudalis dorsalis lateralis: inflam cell infiltration of intramuscular nerve branches + neurogenic muscle atrophy
2/ cirulating antibodies against P2 myelin protein
3/ US of extradural nerve root and nerve
