neuromuscular control Flashcards
what is neuromuscular control?
-involves the subconscious integration of sensory information that is processed by the CNS, resulting in controlled mvt through coordinated muscle activity
why might someone have impaired neuromuscular control?
-pain
-injury
-habitual / resisted to repeated mvt (sport, occupation etc)
what are other words / terminology for neuromuscular control?
-movement control
-movement pattern retraining
what is motor control?
- the process of initiating, directing and grading purposeful voluntary movement
what is motor learning?
the process of acquiring a skill by which the learner, through practice and assimilation, refines and makes automatic the desired movement
what are the 3 phases of motor learning?
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
what does the cognitive phase involve?
-conscious effort to attempt to determine what exactly needs to be done in a step by step manner
-requires great concentration & attention
what does associative phase involve?
-acquisition of the basic mvt pattern
-focus on refining the skill
-physio should try make the task more complex
what does the autonomous phase involve?
-requires extensive practice to reach
-characterised by efficient and almost automatic performance
-mvts should be accurate, consistent and efficient
what are the 3 main components of neuromuscular training?
-proprioceptive training
-quality of mvt
-balance training
what is proprioception?
-specialised variation of sensory information
-info to the brain regarding position, location, orientation and movement of the body
what is balance?
-the ability to maintain a position
-the ability to voluntarily move
what is static balance?
-an individuals ability to maintain a stable antigravity position while at rest by maintaining the centre of mass within the available base of support
what is dynamic balance?
-automatic postural responses to the disruption of the centre of mass position
what does 3D motion analysis of balance involve?
-assessment of movement in 3 dimensions
-info in sagittal, frontal ad horizontal planes
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what are different ways of assessing neuromuscular control in the lower limb?
-bilateral squat
-step down
-SL squat
-drop jump
what is a bilateral squat?
-feet hip width apart
-arms 90 degrees flexion facing forward
-patient asked to perform a squat, flexing the knees and dorsi-flexing the ankle while keeping heels on the floor
what is a step down?
-participant stands on a 20cm step
-place arms across chest
-the participant asked to lower the non stance leg until the heel touches the floor and to return to the start position
what is a single leg squat?
-standing on 1 leg
-hands across chest
-NWB leg behind with knee flexed to 90 deg
-squat as low as you can go
what is an example of an upper limb neuromuscular control exercise?
-shoulder abduction
-standing arms by side, elbows straight, palm of the hand facing forward
-slowly bring one arm out to the side and up to the ear
-lower slowly to bring arm back to start position
what is a drop jump?
-standing up on 30cm step
- drop directly to land on the floor with both feet
-immediately perform a vertical jump
what are examples of common drop jump faults?
-dynamic knee valgus
-lateral trunk lean
-insufficient knee flexion
what is the aim of neuromuscular training?
-improve the nervous systems ability to generate a fast and optimal muscle firing pattern, to increase dynamic joint stability, to decrease joint forces and to relearn movement patterns and skills
