balance rehabilitation Flashcards
what is neuroplasticity?
the ability of the CNS to adapt in response to changes in the environment or injuries etc
what different patients might need balance rehab?
-rehab after MSK injury
-injury prevention in sport
-falls prevention in older people
-people with neurological conditions affecting balance
-rehab after critical illness
-vestibular rehab
what are adaptive motor behaviours ?
positive things that your MSK system does to increase balance
-eg increasing BOS, using hands to provide stabilisation
what is easier- if the COM is high or low?
low is easier
is it easier if the BOS wide or narrow?
wide
how can physiotherapists manage the safety risks during balance assessment and rehab?
-staying close to the patient and being ready to assist / catch at all times
-using aids eg gait aids
-safe environment - close to wall or plinth, handle bars
-second therapist assisting
what would the early stages of balance rehab involve and safety management considerations?
-working from static balance to anticipatory balance
- safety: easier tasks, therapist feedback, visual input - fixation on a pint, use of mirror etc
what would the later stages of balance rehab involve?
-dynamic activities
-anticipatory to reactive balance
-challenging
-ability to loose and regain balance
-task specific rehab
what are examples of static balance training?
-standing with feet together with or without eyes closed
-tandem stand - one foot in front of the other
-single leg stand
what are examples of progression of static balance training?
-limb movements - changes centre of mass
-head turns and eye movements which challenge the vestibular system
what is anticipatory balance training?
-dynamic balance exercises that require adjustments in advance or during the mvt
-anticipated responses
what are examples of anticipatory balance training?
-Tai chi / yoga
-otogo balance Programme
-tandem walking
-forward or sideways lean
who Otago exercise programme developed for?
it is developed for elderly populations and aims to reduce falls
what are examples of balance exercises on the Otago exercise programme?
-knee bends
-backward walking
-walking and turning around
-sideways walking
-tandem walk
-one leg stand
-heel walking
-toe walking
-sit to stand
what is reactive balance training?
-progressively challenging experiences with an unanticipated force to create instability
-requires a response to prevent falling
-trains automatic postural response
