Neurology long Flashcards
1
Q
What is Uthoff phenomenon?
A
Worsening of MS symptoms with hot temperatures
2
Q
What is Lhermitte sign?
A
Electric shock down arms with neck flexion
3
Q
What investigations for MS? And how to diagnose?
A
MRI: lesions separated in time and place
LP: oligoclonal bands in CSF
Visual evoked potential: slow
4
Q
What is the management of MS?
Acute and long term
A
Acute: pulsed methylprednisolone x3 days
Long term:
- IFN B (SE: flu like illness)
- glatiramer
- natalizumab (SE: PML 2’ JC virus)
- fingolimod (SE: increased infection risk)
- MTX/AZA
5
Q
What are the different types of MS?
A
- relapsing remitting: recovery between episodes
- secondary progressive
- primary progressive
- progressive relapsing
- CIS: clinically isolated syndrome: optic neuritis
6
Q
What investigations for MG?
A
- tension test
- anti AchR Ab
- anti MUSK Ab
- EMG
- TFT, RF, ANA
- PFT
- CT: thymoma
7
Q
How would you manage MG?
A
- pyridostigmine
- steroids of sever disease
- immunosuppressives: AZA, MMF if steroids no work
- rituximab: last resort
- Thymectomy
8
Q
What are the treatment options for PD?
A
- dopamine agonists
- levodopa/carbidopa
- COMT inhibitor
- MAO-B inhibitor
- amantadine
- surgical: DBS
9
Q
What are the side effects of dopamine agonists?
A
- impulsivity
- postural hypotension
10
Q
What are the side effects of levodopa/carbidopa?
A
- nausea
- postural hypotension
