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#‼️INTERNAL MEDICINE - PLE TOPNOTCH 2020 > NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY > Flashcards

NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of syncope?

A

Neurally mediated (vasovagal)

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2
Q

Orthostatic hypotension definition

A

(reduction in SBP of at least 20 mmHg or DBP of at least 10 mmHg within 3 min of standing or head-up tilt on a tilt table.

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3
Q

What is the most important step in the management of syncope?

A

Rule out life threatening conditions.

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4
Q

hallmarks of a generalized seizures

A

Tonic-clonic movements

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5
Q

What is the most common type of seizure?

A

Generalized tonic-clinic

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6
Q

What is the most important diagnostic step in seizures?

A

EEG

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7
Q

presents exactly as stroke but symptoms last <24 hours and resolve completely.

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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8
Q

standard imaging modality to detect the presence or absence of intracranial hemorrhage

A

Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the brain

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9
Q

most common location site of hypertensive bleed.

A

Basic ganglia (putamen, internal capsule)

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10
Q

tearing of superior cerebral veins = gradual mental status change = crescent shaped

A

Subdural hemorrhage

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11
Q

anterior div of middle MA = lucid interval = Biconcave disk- shaped

A

Epidural hemorrhage

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12
Q

Profound weakness lower extremity > upper extremity

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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13
Q
  • Profound upper extremity weakness
  • Aphasia
A

Middle cerebral artery

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14
Q
  • Vertigo, nausea and vomiting
  • Dysarthria, ataxia
  • Gait imbalance
A

Vertebrobasilar artery

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15
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

Ophthalmic artery

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16
Q
  • Ipsilateral face, contralateral body
  • Vertigo, Horner’s syndrome
A

Posterior cerebellar

17
Q

the most commonly affected artery in hemorrhagic stroke

A

MCA

18
Q

Thrombolytics should be administered within ___ hours of the onset of symptoms.

A

3

19
Q

What is the definitive test to detect site of bleeding in hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Cerebral angiogram

20
Q

What is the most common non-traumatic cause of SAH?

A

Ruptured aneurysm

21
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of SAH?

A

Lumbar puncture

22
Q

hallmark of aneurysmal rupture is blood in the CSF.

A

Xanthochromia is the gold standard for diagnosis of SAH

23
Q

What is the most common form of suppurative CNS infection?

A

Bacterial meningitis

24
Q

What is the best initial test for meningitis?

A

CT scan of the head then CSF analysis

25
Q

What is the most accurate test?

A

CSF culture

26
Q

What is the best initial therapy for meningococcal Meningitis?

A

Amphotericin B and 5flucytosine

27
Q

The single strongest risk factor for dementia

A

increasing age.

28
Q

most effective medication for parkinson

A

Levodopa/carbidopa

29
Q

extend the duration of levodopa/carbidopa by blocking metabolism of dopamine. Used in those treated with levodopa/carbidopa

A

COMT inhibitor (tolcapone, entacapone)

30
Q

Commonly associated infections of GBS

A

Campylobacter jejuni and Herpesvirus

31
Q

ascending paresthesia, cranial nerve deficit (dysphagia, dysarthria, facial weakness, papilledema), autonomic dysfunction and respiratory muscle paralysis (extreme cases)

A

GBS

32
Q

What is the most specific diagnostic test for GBS?

A

Nerve conduction study / electromyography

33
Q

antibodies against acetylcholine receptors

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (MG)

34
Q

Presents with diplopia, drooping of eye lids, weakness of the muscles of mastication and dysarthria. Associated with thymomas

A

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (MG)

35
Q

What is the best initial test for GBS?

A

Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (ACHR) immunoassay

36
Q

Bipolar I vs II

A
37
Q

Characterized as, for the same 2 weeks, the person experiences 5 or more of the following symptoms, with at least 1 of the symptoms being either a depressed mood or characterized by a loss of pleasure or interest:

  • Depressed mood
  • Markedly diminished pleasure or interest in nearly all activities
  • Significant weight loss or gain or significant loss or increase in appetite
  • Hypersomnia or insomnia
  • Psychomotor retardation or agitation
  • Loss of energy or fatigue
  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
  • Decreased concentration ability or marked indecisiveness
  • Preoccupation with death or suicide; patient has a plan or has attempted suicide
A

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES

#‼️INTERNAL MEDICINE - PLE TOPNOTCH 2020 (10 decks)

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