neurology

Question 1

What are metabolic causes of coma?

Answer 1

Drugs
Hypoglycaemia
Diabetes
Hypercalcaemia

Question 2

What are the hemisphere lesion causes of trauma

Answer 2

cerebral infarct
cerebral haemorrhage
subdural 
extradural 
abscess
tumour

Question 3

What are the brain stem causes of trauma

Answer 3

brainstem infarct
tumour
abscess
cerebellar haemorrhage
cerebellar infarct

Question 4

What are the main categories for causes for trauma

Answer 4

brain stem
hemispheric lesions
metabolic

Question 5

What is the definition of a seizure

Answer 5

paradoxical discharge of cerebral neurons, which is apparrent to an external observer

Question 6

What is the definition of a seizure

Answer 6

paradoxical discharge of cerebral neurons, which is apparent to an external observer

Question 7

What is the definition of epilepsy

Answer 7

recurrent tendency to have seizures

Question 8

What is status epilepticus?

Answer 8

seizure lasting longer than 30min

Question 9

What are the differentials for a headache that is an acute single headache?

Answer 9

• Febrile ilness, sinusitis
• first migraine attack
• following a head injury
• subarachnoid haemorrhage
• meningitis

Question 10

What are the differentials for a headache that is an recurrent headache?

Answer 10

migraine
cluster headache
episodic tension headache
trigeminal neuralgia

Question 11

What are the differentials for a headache that is an triggered headache?

Answer 11

• coughing exertion, straining
• coitus
• food and drinks

Question 12

What are the differentials for a headache that is a dull headache increasing severity headache?

Answer 12

usually bening
contraceptive pill or hormone replacement
neck disease
temporal arteritis
beingin intracranial hypertension
cerebral tumour

Question 13

What are the differentials for a headache that is a dull headache unchanged over months?

Answer 13

chronic tension headache
depressive
atypical facial pain

Question 14

What are the broad causes for syncope?

Answer 14

HR ()
Stroke volume
Chronic 
peripheral resistance
others

Question 15

What are the broad causes for syncope and their specific reasons

Answer 15

HR (Bradycardia, complete heart block, tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia)
Stroke volume (dehydration, haemorrhage, pulmonary embolus, addison’s disease, temponade, aortic dissection, cough? micturition syncope)
Chronic (aortic stenosis, atrial myxoma, cardiomyopathy)
peripheral resistance (neuropathic, huillain barre syndrome, CNS, Parkinsons)
others (Drugs, Vasovagal attack)

Question 16

What is the definition of a stroke

Answer 16

disturbance of cerebral function for more than 24 h

Question 17

What are the symptoms of a blockage of the anterior circulation?

Answer 17

• hemiparesis
• aphasia
• apraxia
• neglect

Question 18

What are the symptoms of a blockage of the posterior circulation?

Answer 18

• diplopia
• dysarthria
• dizziness
• dysphagia
• face arm leg and crossed finidings

Question 19

What is a TIA?

Answer 19

brief episodes of focal loss of visual function

Question 20

What are the most common infections of meningitis?

Answer 20

Nesseria meningitidis
streptococcus pneumoniae
listeria monocytigenes
group'b strepptococcus
haemophilus