Neurology Flashcards
What is dystonia?
Sustained abnormal posture caused by persistent contraction of large trunk or limb muscles
What is cervical dystonia?
Head turning to one side due to contraction of sternocleidomastoid
What is a spasm?
Uncontrolled contraction of a muscle
What is blepharospasm?
Twitch or spasm of the eyelid
What is hemiballismus?
Uncontrolled flailing of limbs due to structural lesion or metabolic dysfunction of subthalamic nucleus
What is the most suitable treatment: 18 y/o female, generalised tonic-clonic seizures, occurred 2 months apart, self-terminating, normal MRI
Lamotrigine
Which nerve root is responsible for leg extension, patellar reflex and ankle dorsiflexion?
L4
What nerve root forms the biceps reflex?
C5/6
What nerve root forms the ankle reflex?
S1
What nerve roots form the knee reflex?
L3/4
Which factor is least likely to contribute to falls in someone with poor balance and a significant sway?
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
What would be seen in the CSF of an acute bacterial infection?
Cloudy appearance Low glucose Increased protein Neutrophils No oligoclonal bands
In Myaesthenia Gravis, where are the autoantibodies directed?
Postsynaptic ACh receptors
Diagnosis: 30 y/o woman with sudden episodes of inability to speak, altered hearing and loss of spatial awareness, lasting 1-2 minutes
Simple partial seizure
What is the treatment for simple partial seizures?
Oral lamotrigine or carbamazepine
Which area of the brain is responsible for receptive aphasia?
Wernicke’s area
Which ares of the brain is responsible for expressive aphasia?
Brocca’s area
Which area of the brain is responsible for nominal aphasia?
Angular gyrus
Which area of the brain is affected first in Alzeimer’s disease?
Nucleus basalis of Meynert
Which drug inhibits the action of acetylcholinesterase?
Galantamine
What is the mechanism of action of lamotrigine?
Blockage of voltage sensitive sodium channels -> reduced release of glutamate
What is the mode of inheritance of Wilson’s disease?
Autosomal recessive
What is the mode of inheritance of Becker’s muscular dystrophy?
X linked recessive
What is the mode of inheritance and myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres?
Mitochondrial
Which drug is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
What kind fo visual loss would be expected with a lateral optic nerve lesion immediately anterior to the chiasma?
Junctional scotoma
