Neurology

Question 1

What is dystonia?

Answer 1

Sustained abnormal posture caused by persistent contraction of large trunk or limb muscles

Question 2

What is cervical dystonia?

Answer 2

Head turning to one side due to contraction of sternocleidomastoid

Question 3

What is a spasm?

Answer 3

Uncontrolled contraction of a muscle

Question 4

What is blepharospasm?

Answer 4

Twitch or spasm of the eyelid

Question 5

What is hemiballismus?

Answer 5

Uncontrolled flailing of limbs due to structural lesion or metabolic dysfunction of subthalamic nucleus

Question 6

What is the most suitable treatment: 18 y/o female, generalised tonic-clonic seizures, occurred 2 months apart, self-terminating, normal MRI

Answer 6

Lamotrigine

Question 7

Which nerve root is responsible for leg extension, patellar reflex and ankle dorsiflexion?

Answer 7

L4

Question 8

What nerve root forms the biceps reflex?

Answer 8

C5/6

Question 9

What nerve root forms the ankle reflex?

Answer 9

S1

Question 10

What nerve roots form the knee reflex?

Answer 10

L3/4

Question 11

Which factor is least likely to contribute to falls in someone with poor balance and a significant sway?

Answer 11

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity

Question 12

What would be seen in the CSF of an acute bacterial infection?

Answer 12

Cloudy appearance 
Low glucose 
Increased protein
Neutrophils 
No oligoclonal bands

Question 13

In Myaesthenia Gravis, where are the autoantibodies directed?

Answer 13

Postsynaptic ACh receptors

Question 14

Diagnosis: 30 y/o woman with sudden episodes of inability to speak, altered hearing and loss of spatial awareness, lasting 1-2 minutes

Answer 14

Simple partial seizure

Question 15

What is the treatment for simple partial seizures?

Answer 15

Oral lamotrigine or carbamazepine

Question 16

Which area of the brain is responsible for receptive aphasia?

Answer 16

Wernicke’s area

Question 17

Which ares of the brain is responsible for expressive aphasia?

Answer 17

Brocca’s area

Question 18

Which area of the brain is responsible for nominal aphasia?

Answer 18

Angular gyrus

Question 19

Which area of the brain is affected first in Alzeimer’s disease?

Answer 19

Nucleus basalis of Meynert

Question 20

Which drug inhibits the action of acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 20

Galantamine

Question 21

What is the mechanism of action of lamotrigine?

Answer 21

Blockage of voltage sensitive sodium channels -> reduced release of glutamate

Question 22

What is the mode of inheritance of Wilson’s disease?

Answer 22

Autosomal recessive

Question 23

What is the mode of inheritance of Becker’s muscular dystrophy?

Answer 23

X linked recessive

Question 24

What is the mode of inheritance and myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres?

Answer 24

Mitochondrial

Question 25

Which drug is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Answer 25

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)

Question 26

What kind fo visual loss would be expected with a lateral optic nerve lesion immediately anterior to the chiasma?

Answer 26

Junctional scotoma