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CCC > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs for a simple seizure?

A
  • No impairment of awareness,
  • focal Sx,
  • no post-ictal Sx
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2
Q

What are the signs for a complex seizure?

A
  • awareness impaired, commonly from temporal lobe,

- post-ictal confusion

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of primary generalized seizures?

A
  1. Absence - brief, pauses, presents in childhood
  2. Tonic-Clonic - LOC, stiff and jerky, confusions and drowsy after
  3. Myoclonic - Sudden jerk of single limb/trunk
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4
Q

What is an Atonic seizure?

A

Sudden loss of tone causing fall, no LOC

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5
Q

What is given in prelonged and recurrent seizures?

A

Buccal Midazolam

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6
Q

Name 4 things that can lower the seizure threshold

A
  • Alcohol
  • Drugs
  • Sleep reduction
  • Sex
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7
Q

What is the first and second line treatment for focal seizures?

A
  1. Carbamazepine or Lamotrigine

2. Sodium Valproate

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8
Q

What is the 1st, 2nd and 3rd line treatment for Generalised Tonic-Clonic seizures?

A
  1. Sodium Valproate
  2. Lamotrigine
  3. Carbamazepine
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9
Q

What is the treatment for absence seizures?

A
  1. Sodium Valproate

2. Lamotrigine or ethosuximide

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10
Q

What is the 1st and 2nd line treatment for myoclonic/tonic/atonic seizures?

A
  1. sodium Valproate

2. Lamotrigine

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11
Q

What treatment is used for Refractory/uncontrolled focal seizures

A

Carbamazepine, Clobazam, Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Keppra, Oxcarbazepine, Sodium Valtproate, Topiramate

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12
Q

What medication is used in infantile spasm?

A

Prednisolone or Vigabatrin

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13
Q

What is the first line treatment for seizures caused by Tuberous Sclerosis

A

Vigabatrin

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14
Q

When is phenytoin indicated?

A
  • Status epilepticus where benzodiazepines inaffective

- Further down the line treatment for regular generalised/focal seizures

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15
Q

When is phenytoin contra-indicated?

A
  • Absence seizrues
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16
Q

What are the side effects from Sodium valproate?

A
  • Appetite
  • Liver failure
  • Pancreatitis
  • Reversible hair loss/reduced OCP effect
  • Oedema
  • Ataxia
  • Teratogenicity, tremor, thrombocytopaenia
  • Encephalopathy
17
Q

What are common side effects of carbamazepine?

A
  • Ataxia
  • Drowsiness
  • GI disturbance
  • Erythematous skin rash
  • Blurred vision
18
Q

What are common side effects of Lamotrigine?

A
  • Nausea, dizziness, ataxia

- Maculo-papular rash - 10%

19
Q

What is a very rare complication of Lamotrigine?

A

Steven-Johnson Syndrome

20
Q

What is advised when women are taking the OCP and AEDs?

A
  • Take 50mcg more oestrogen
21
Q

When can you consider stopping anticonvulsants?

A
  • Normal CNS examination, IQ and EEG prior to withdrawal
  • Seizure-free for >2yrs
  • No juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

CCC (8 decks)

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