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Wolfpacc Clues > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Central Nervous System?

A

Brain and spinal cord, Myelination by the oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Everything except the brain and spinal cord. Myelination by the schwann cells

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3
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Automatic stuff… i.e. breathing, heartbeat

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4
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

Moving your muscles

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5
Q

What is the Parasympathetic System?

A

Rest and digest, slows stuff down

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6
Q

How does the Parasympathetic System behave?

A 
"DUMBBELS"
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis "Constrict"
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Erection "Point"
Lacrimation
Salivation
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7
Q

What is the Sympathetic System?

A

Fight -or- Flight, speeds stuff up

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8
Q

How does the Sympathetic System behave?

A 
Opposite of Parasympathetic:
Constipation
Urinary retention
Mydriasis - "Eyes wide with fright"
Tachycardia
Bronchodilate
Ejaculation "Shoot"
Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
Xerostomia (Dry mouth)
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9
Q

What is Cushing’s Triad?

A

HTN, Bradycardia, irregular breathing

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10
Q

What is Budd-Chiari

A

Hepatic vein obstruction

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11
Q

What is Arnold-Chiari?

A

Foramen Magnum obstruction

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12
Q

What is Anencephaly?

A

Notochord did not make contact with the brain - only have the medulla

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13
Q

What is an Encephalocele?

A

Brain tissue herniation

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14
Q

What is a Dandy Walker malformation?

A

No cerebellum, distended 4th and lateral ventricles

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15
Q

What is an Arnold-Chiari Malformation?

A

Herniation of cerebellum through Foramen Magnum
Type 1: Cerebellar tonsils (asymptomatic)
Type 2: Cerebellar vermis/ medulla – Hydrocephalus, Syringomyelia (loss of pain and temerature)

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16
Q

What is Spina bifida occulta?

A

Covered by skin with a tuft of hair

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17
Q

What is Spina bifida aperta?

A

Has opening (High AFP)

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18
Q

What is a Meningocele?

A

Sacral pocket with meninges in it

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19
Q

What is a Meningomyelocele?

A

Sacral pocket with meninges and nerves in it

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20
Q

What is open-angle glaucoma?

A

Overproduction of fluid, painless Ipsilateral dilated pupil, gradual tunnel vision, optic disc cupping

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21
Q

What is Closed-angle glaucoma?

A

Obstruction of canal of Schlemm, there is a sudden onset pain, emergency

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22
Q

What are the Water shed areas?

A

Hippocampus, splenic flexure

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23
Q

What bug loves the frontal lobe?

A

Rubella

24
Q

What bug loves the temporal love?

A

HSV

25
Q

What bug loves the parietal lobe?

A

Toxoplasma

26
Q

What bug loves the hippocampus?

A

Rabies

27
Q

What bug loves the posterior fossa?

A

TB

28
Q

What bug loves the DCML tract?

A

Treponema

29
Q

How do migraines present?

A

Auro, photophobia, numbness and tingling, throbbing headache, nausea

30
Q

How do tension headaches present?

A

“Band-like” pain starts in posterior neck, increases throughout the day, sleep disturbance

31
Q

How do cluster headaches present?

A

Rhinorrhea, unilateral orbital pain, suicidal, facial flushing, worse with lying down

32
Q

How does temporal arteritis present?

A

Pain with chewing, blind in one eye

33
Q

How does trigeminal neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) present?

A

Sharp, shooting face pain, recurrent episodes

34
Q

What are the 2 kinds of partial seizures?

A

Simple (aware), complex (not aware)

35
Q

What are the 3 kinds of generalized seizures?

A

Tonic-clonic “Grand Mal”
Absence “Petit Mal”
Status Epilepticus

36
Q

How does an epidural hematoma present?

A

Intermittent consciousness (lucid interval)

37
Q

How does a Subarachnoid hemorrhage present?

A

“Worst headache of my life”, hx. of Berry aneurysm

38
Q

How does a Subdural Hematoma present?

A

Headache 4 weeks after trauma, elderly (loose brain)

39
Q

What is an Astrocytoma?

A

Rosenthal fibers - #1 in kids with occipital headache

40
Q

What is an Ependymoma?

A

Rosettes present in the 4th Ventricle, Hydrocephalus

41
Q

What is a Craniopharyngioma?

A

Motor oil biopsy, tooth enamel, Rathke’s Pouch, ADH problem, Bitemporal Hemianopsia

42
Q

What is Glioblastoma multiforme?

A

Pseudopalisading necrosis, worst prognosis

intralesional hemorrhage

43
Q

What is a Hemangioblastoma?

A

In the cerebellum, associated with VHL

44
Q

What is a Meduloblastoma?

A

Pseudorosettes compressing the brain, early morning vomiting

45
Q

What is Meningioma?

A

Located parasagittal
Psammoma bodies present
whirling pattern
best prognosis

46
Q

What are the most common places to metastasize to the brain?

A

From the lung, breast, and skin, present at the White-Grey Junction

47
Q

What is an Oligodendroglioma?

A

Fried egg appearance, Nodular Calcification

48
Q

What is a Pinealoma?

A

Loss of upward gaze, loss of circadian rhythms lead to precocious puberty

49
Q

What is a Schwannoma?

A

CN-8 tumor, unilateral deafness

50
Q

What is Neurofibromatosis?

A

Cafe’ au laut spots (hyperpigmentation)
Peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckles
Type 1: Von Recklinghausen’s– Chromosome 17, peripheral, optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis
Type 2: Acoustic Neuroma, Central, Chromosome 22, cataracts, bilateral deafness

51
Q

What is Sturge-Weber?

A

Port wine stain (big purple spot) on forehead
angioma of retina
Epilepsy
Mental retardation

52
Q

What is Tuberous Sclerosis?

A 
Ashleaf spots (hypopigmentation)
Primary brain tumors
Heart Rhabdomyolysis
Renal cell CA
Shagreen spots (leathery)
53
Q

What is Benign Positional Vertigo?

A

Sensation of room spinning
Nausea/Vomiting
Nystagmus without hearing loss or tinnitus
Onset of symptoms when change position

54
Q

What is Vestibular Neuritis?

A

Inflammation of the vestibular portion (CN8), Could be associated with viral infection, characterized by vertigo and dizziness

55
Q

What is Labyrinthitis?

A

Inflammation of the Cochlear portion of the inner ear, present with hearing loss and tinnitus

56
Q

What is Meniere’s Disease?

A

Same presentation as Labyrinthitis but is a chronic condition with remitting and relapsing episodes

Wolfpacc Clues (16 decks)

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