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Nursing 105 > Neurology 3- Exam 2 > Flashcards

Neurology 3- Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How are brain tumors classified?

A

Location & histologic characteristics

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2
Q

What are the types of PRIMARY brain tumors?

A

-Gliomas
-Meningiomas
-Acoustic neuromas
-Pituitary adenomas

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3
Q

What other types of brain tumors are there?

A

Angiomas
Metastatic tumors

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4
Q

What is a glioma?

A

tumor of brain or spine (intracerebral)

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5
Q

What is a meningioma?

A

encapsulated tumor- usually benign

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6
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

tumor affecting CN VIII- affects hearing & balance

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7
Q

What is a pituitary adenoma?

A

tumor common in women of childbearing age, rarely malignant

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8
Q

What are angiomas?

A

masses of abnormal blood vessels

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9
Q

What are some sx of ^ ICP?

A

-HA
-vomiting
-visual disturbances
-seizures

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10
Q

What kind of effects would a pituitary adenoma have?

A

Hormonal (prolactin, GH, ACTH- cushings)

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11
Q

What is a common type of brain tumor of the brainstem?

A

Astrocytoma

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12
Q

What is a common type of brain tumor of the acoustic nerve?

A

Neuroma

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13
Q

What are common brain tumors of the pineal area? (2)

A

Pineocytoma
Pineoblastoma

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14
Q

What is the most helpful diagnostic evaluation of brain tumors?

A

MRI

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15
Q

What are examples of diagnostic evaluations of brain tumors?

A

-Neurologic examination
-CT scan
-MRI
-PET scan
-EEG
-Cytologic study of CSF
-Biopsy

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16
Q

What are the 2 different goals of sx for brain tumors?

A
  1. removal w/ out ^ neurologic symptoms
  2. relieve symptoms by decompression
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17
Q

What is the cornerstone tx for many brain tumors?

A

Radiation therapy

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18
Q

What does chemotherapy do for brain tumors?

A

^ survival time

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19
Q

Why is pharmacologic therapy used for some brain tumors?

A

Secreting tumors- meds that suppress hormones

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20
Q

What are the classifications of spinal cord tumors?

A

-Intramedullary
-Extramedullary
-Extramedullary-extradural

21
Q

Where is an intramedullary tumor located?

A

within the spinal cord

22
Q

Where is an extra medullary tumor located?

A

intradural; w/in or under the spinal dura

23
Q

Where is an extra medullary-extradural tumor located?

A

outside the dural membrane

24
Q

What are C.M. of spinal cord tumors?

A

-Pain
-Weakness
-Loss of motor function
-Loss of reflexes
-Loss of sensation

25
Q

After removal of a spinal cord tumor, what should the nurse be on the lookout for?

A

CSF leakage

26
Q

What should be the #1 goal for pts w/ brain tumors?

A

Independence for as long as possible

27
Q

Definition: slow, progressive neurologic movement disorder associated w/ decreased levels of dopamine

A

Parkinson’s disease

28
Q

What are the cardinal C.M. of Parkinson’s?

A

-Tremor
-Rigidity
-Bradykinesia

29
Q

What are some other C.M. of Parkinson’s?

A

-postural instability
-orthostatic hypotension
-gastric & urinary retention
-dysphagia
-psychiatric changes

30
Q

What neurotransmitter is increased in Parkinson’s?

A

Acetylcholine

31
Q

What is the main pharmacologic tx for Parkinson’s?

A

Levodopa

32
Q

Does Parkinson’s eventually lead to disability?

A

Yes

33
Q

Definition: A chronic progressive hereditary disease that results in choreiform (jerking) movement & dementia.

A

Huntington disease

34
Q

Definition: Restlessness, an urgent need to move around, and agitation.

A

Akathisia

35
Q

Definition: very slow, voluntary movements & speech.

A

Bradykinesia

36
Q

Definition: impaired ability to execute voluntary movements.

A

Dyskinesia

37
Q

Definition: a sensation of numbness or tingling or a “pins & needles” sensation.

A

Parasthesia

38
Q

Condition: loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord & loss of motor nuclei of the lower brainstem.

A

Lou Gehrig disease/Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

39
Q

What condition has C.M. of progressive weakness & atrophy of muscle cramps, twitching, & lack of coordination. Most common cause of death is respiratory failure.

A

ALS

40
Q

Condition: incurable disorders characterized by progressive weakening & wasting of skeletal & voluntary muscles.

A

Muscular dystrophies

41
Q

Scoliosis is considered what type of condition?

A

Muscular dystrophy

42
Q

What condition is prevented by proper body mechanics & exercises to strengthen the back?

A

Degenerative Disc Disease

43
Q

What are some interventions aimed at improving mobility in Parkinson’s pts?

A

-Progressive daily exercise
-Stretching & ROM
-Postural exercises
-PT
-Walking techniques for safety & balance
-Frequent rest periods
-Proper shoes
-Use of assistive devices

44
Q

Who can help with nursing intervention: enhancing self-care activities?

A

Home health & OT

45
Q

How can family get a break for a pt. w/ Parkinson’s?

A

Respite care

46
Q

What is an anticholinergic medication used to treat Parkinson disease?

A

Benztropine mesylate

47
Q

What would be considered a medical emergency in a pt. that has undergone a cervical discectomy?

A

Bowel or Bladder dysfunction (cord compression)

48
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

49
Q

Definition: a disease of the spinal nerve root, often resulting in pain & extreme sensitivity to touch.

A

Radiculopathy

Nursing 105 (11 decks)

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