Neurology 3- Exam 2

Question 1

How are brain tumors classified?

Answer 1

Location & histologic characteristics

Question 2

What are the types of PRIMARY brain tumors?

Answer 2

-Gliomas
-Meningiomas
-Acoustic neuromas
-Pituitary adenomas

Question 3

What other types of brain tumors are there?

Answer 3

Angiomas
Metastatic tumors

Question 4

What is a glioma?

Answer 4

tumor of brain or spine (intracerebral)

Question 5

What is a meningioma?

Answer 5

encapsulated tumor- usually benign

Question 6

What is an acoustic neuroma?

Answer 6

tumor affecting CN VIII- affects hearing & balance

Question 7

What is a pituitary adenoma?

Answer 7

tumor common in women of childbearing age, rarely malignant

Question 8

What are angiomas?

Answer 8

masses of abnormal blood vessels

Question 9

What are some sx of ^ ICP?

Answer 9

-HA
-vomiting
-visual disturbances
-seizures

Question 10

What kind of effects would a pituitary adenoma have?

Answer 10

Hormonal (prolactin, GH, ACTH- cushings)

Question 11

What is a common type of brain tumor of the brainstem?

Answer 11

Astrocytoma

Question 12

What is a common type of brain tumor of the acoustic nerve?

Answer 12

Neuroma

Question 13

What are common brain tumors of the pineal area? (2)

Answer 13

Pineocytoma
Pineoblastoma

Question 14

What is the most helpful diagnostic evaluation of brain tumors?

Answer 14

MRI

Question 15

What are examples of diagnostic evaluations of brain tumors?

Answer 15

-Neurologic examination
-CT scan
-MRI
-PET scan
-EEG
-Cytologic study of CSF
-Biopsy

Question 16

What are the 2 different goals of sx for brain tumors?

Answer 16

1. removal w/ out ^ neurologic symptoms
2. relieve symptoms by decompression

Question 17

What is the cornerstone tx for many brain tumors?

Answer 17

Radiation therapy

Question 18

What does chemotherapy do for brain tumors?

Answer 18

^ survival time

Question 19

Why is pharmacologic therapy used for some brain tumors?

Answer 19

Secreting tumors- meds that suppress hormones

Question 20

What are the classifications of spinal cord tumors?

Answer 20

-Intramedullary
-Extramedullary
-Extramedullary-extradural

Question 21

Where is an intramedullary tumor located?

Answer 21

within the spinal cord

Question 22

Where is an extra medullary tumor located?

Answer 22

intradural; w/in or under the spinal dura

Question 23

Where is an extra medullary-extradural tumor located?

Answer 23

outside the dural membrane

Question 24

What are C.M. of spinal cord tumors?

Answer 24

-Pain
-Weakness
-Loss of motor function
-Loss of reflexes
-Loss of sensation

Question 25

After removal of a spinal cord tumor, what should the nurse be on the lookout for?

Answer 25

CSF leakage

Question 26

What should be the #1 goal for pts w/ brain tumors?

Answer 26

Independence for as long as possible

Question 27

Definition: slow, progressive neurologic movement disorder associated w/ decreased levels of dopamine

Answer 27

Parkinson's disease

Question 28

What are the cardinal C.M. of Parkinson's?

Answer 28

-Tremor -Rigidity -Bradykinesia

Question 29

What are some other C.M. of Parkinson's?

Answer 29

-postural instability -orthostatic hypotension -gastric & urinary retention -dysphagia -psychiatric changes

Question 30

What neurotransmitter is increased in Parkinson's?

Answer 30

Acetylcholine

Question 31

What is the main pharmacologic tx for Parkinson's?

Answer 31

Levodopa

Question 32

Does Parkinson's eventually lead to disability?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Definition: A chronic progressive hereditary disease that results in choreiform (jerking) movement & dementia.

Answer 33

Huntington disease

Question 34

Definition: Restlessness, an urgent need to move around, and agitation.

Answer 34

Akathisia

Question 35

Definition: very slow, voluntary movements & speech.

Answer 35

Bradykinesia

Question 36

Definition: impaired ability to execute voluntary movements.

Answer 36

Dyskinesia

Question 37

Definition: a sensation of numbness or tingling or a "pins & needles" sensation.

Answer 37

Parasthesia

Question 38

Condition: loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord & loss of motor nuclei of the lower brainstem.

Answer 38

Lou Gehrig disease/Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Question 39

What condition has C.M. of progressive weakness & atrophy of muscle cramps, twitching, & lack of coordination. Most common cause of death is respiratory failure.

Answer 39

ALS

Question 40

Condition: incurable disorders characterized by progressive weakening & wasting of skeletal & voluntary muscles.

Answer 40

Muscular dystrophies

Question 41

Scoliosis is considered what type of condition?

Answer 41

Muscular dystrophy

Question 42

What condition is prevented by proper body mechanics & exercises to strengthen the back?

Answer 42

Degenerative Disc Disease

Question 43

What are some interventions aimed at improving mobility in Parkinson's pts?

Answer 43

-Progressive daily exercise -Stretching & ROM -Postural exercises -PT -Walking techniques for safety & balance -Frequent rest periods -Proper shoes -Use of assistive devices

Question 44

Who can help with nursing intervention: enhancing self-care activities?

Answer 44

Home health & OT

Question 45

How can family get a break for a pt. w/ Parkinson's?

Answer 45

Respite care

Question 46

What is an anticholinergic medication used to treat Parkinson disease?

Answer 46

Benztropine mesylate

Question 47

What would be considered a medical emergency in a pt. that has undergone a cervical discectomy?

Answer 47

Bowel or Bladder dysfunction (cord compression)

Question 48

What is the most common cause of dementia?

Answer 48

Alzheimer's disease

Question 49

Definition: a disease of the spinal nerve root, often resulting in pain & extreme sensitivity to touch.

Answer 49

Radiculopathy