Neurology Flashcards
Pyramidal Damage Sx
Weakness, hyperactivity of tendon reflexes, spasticity, positive Babinski
Extrapyramidal Damage Sx
Bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, athetosis, chorea
Cerebellum Damage Sx
Errors of: rate, range, force, and direction
Amaurosis fugax
a TIA characterized by transient monocular blindness from emboli to the central retinal artery of one eye and has a very high correlation with ipsilateral carotid stenosis
Broca’s area
speech production, in frontal lobe
Wernicke’s Area
understanding speech and written word, in superior temporal gyrus
Terson Syndrome
vitreous humor hemorrhage with subarachnoid hemorrhage, self-limiting
Cushing’s Triad
from increased ICP; falling pulse, increasing BP and widening pulse pressure, abnormal respiratory patterns
Which organism causes characteristic rash with meningitis?
Neisseria meningitidis
What are the most common bacteria to cause meningitis in adults?
S. pneumonia, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae
What are the most common bacteria to cause meningitis in infants?
E. coli, B-hemolytic streptococcus, L. monoctogenes
What are the most common viruses to cause viral meningitis?
Enteroviruses 85% (coxsackie, echovirus, human enteroviruses), HSV-2, HIV, varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
What are the most common bacteria to cause bacterial encephalitis?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Listeria monocyogenes, Legionnaire Disease, Lyme Disease
What are the most common bacteria to cause brain abcess?
Streptococci, Staphylococci, Enterobactericeae, Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
shingles of CN VII (facial), same sx as Bell’s Palsy but with vesicular eruption in external auditory canal/pharynx
Myasthenia gravis
Autoantibodies to Ach receptors at postsynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction; intact DTRs, associated with thymoma
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Autoantibodies to calcium channels of motor end plate; depressed/absent DTRs, usually associated with small cell lung carcinoma
Uhthoff’s phenomenon
The exacerbation of multiple sclerosis symptoms due to an exposure to higher
than usual ambient temperatures
Lhermitte’s sign
Multiple sclerosis; an electrical sensation that runs down the back and into the limbs when
flexing the neck
