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T 3.1 > neurology > Flashcards

neurology Flashcards

1
Q

aseptic mening

A

CHRONIC INFECTIONS
drugs alc spirochetes etc

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2
Q

spread of mening

A

hematogenous - crossesthe blood btrain barrier/ contiguous - from adjacent structures

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3
Q

mening clinical rep

A

fever headache vomm seizure photophobia confusion altered mental state red loc

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4
Q

acute mx of mening

A

treated symptomatically
ct, if no contra ind lp.
may recommend steroid except listeria

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5
Q

contra ind for lp

A

unexp seizures, cranial nerve pulse, dep loc, shunt present, systemic contraindications from skills stuff

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6
Q

monitor for complications

A

raised icp, cerebral infartion, brain abcess, hyponatremia, seizures, hydroceph, venous thromb

monitor for expected improvement

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7
Q

csf analysis inc what cell

A

viral - lymph gluc n and prot nto high - imp because doesnt need treament
bact - nuetro
fungal - lympho
tb - lympho

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8
Q

pathogen of pneuococ, manignococ, haemophilus

A
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9
Q

b lactamase

A

counteracts penicillin

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10
Q

hx >2wks of mening sym

A

usually tb or fungal

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11
Q

ires

A

immunresponse exacerabtion syndrome
find out the cause

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12
Q

how long does it take for organisms toreach the csf

A

2 weeks post exposure

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13
Q

nociceptors

A

periph sensory neurons that alert indiciduals to pain

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14
Q

mechanisms of pain

A

irritation/infkammation
traction
vascular pain

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15
Q

classific of headachr

A

prim- no underlying path cause, benign but often disabling
sec- underlying path casue
cranial neuralgias- nerve involement face pains

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16
Q

type sof prim headache

A

migraine
cluster
tension
trigenimal neuralgia

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17
Q

sec headachr causes

A

infection
vascilar eg subarach haem
malig htn
metab d/o
nonvasc cranial d/os- low ccsf pressure

18
Q

trigenimal neuralgia

A

compression of cnv pain radiating along cuorse of trigem nerve

19
Q

xanthochromia on lp

A

suggestive of sah
different from vascular bleed or thromnbosis as those will show cclots on lp

19
Q

snoop redf flags of sec headaches

A

systemic symptoms
onset of pain (acute/sudden eg thunderclap)
older
postural changes
(if precip with valsava, position, exertion)

20
Q

migraine attack phases

A

prodromal phase- activation of intracran center
aura phase- cortical spreading depression
headache phase- photophobia
postdrome- migraine hangover. fatigue

21
Q

ergotamines

A

migraine treatment but avoided because many cvs aes

21
Q

preventative migraine tx

A

antidep
beta bloc
caclium antag

nb theres different drug sets for the different tyoes of migraines

21
Q

triptans

A

most common treatment for migraines

22
Q

headache worse with coughing/ straining/valsava

A

indicates inc icp which may be mass lessions

23
Q

pit apoplexy

A

thunderclap headache between the eyes
assoc visual disturbances

24
Q

headache worse in morning in elderly

A

icp in spine and head equalises over night
assoc swollen disc common

25
Q

idiopathic intracran hypertension

A

lp req
presents with optic compression- red visual field

26
Q

low csf pressure headache

A

worse standing up better lying down
(opp to high icp)
lp req if csf opening pressure is low then it is diagnostic
mri will find thickening of dural layers

27
Q

pathophys of seizures

A

imbalance of excitabilty and inhibitory receptors in at a focal point that propagates the excitation to surrounding neurons
via cc to other hemisphere

28
Q

focal aware seizures

A

pt fully aware of events occuring during seizure

29
Q

focal impaired awareness seizures

A

pt loses awareness of some events may be assoc with speech abn and memory loss

30
Q

generalized seirzures

A

motor- tonic-clonic or other motor
non motor- absence

31
Q

epileptic diagnosis

A

two or more unprovoked seizures less than 24 hours apart.
no metaimbalance because eg alcohol binges predisposes to seizures

32
Q

myoclonic seizures

A

single jerk

33
Q

epileptic spasms

A

most common in infants assoc trunkal spasms

34
Q

absent seizures

A

no loss of tone, unaware, blank stare, may have multiple attacks
presents in children
previously petit mal

35
Q

myoclonia

A

unable to open eyes during seizure

36
Q

lennox gastaut synd

A

childhood
phsychomotor retardation
therapy difficult

37
Q

febrile seizures

A

due to underlyling infection
self limited
does not devel seizures later on but any metab abn does inc risk of recurrent seizures

T 3.1 (11 decks)

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