Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pass_with_Pass > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

(The Nervous System) Body’s principal control system

A

Network of cells, tissues, and organs regulate bodily functions via electrical impulses transmitted through nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(The Nervous System) Endocrine System

A

Related to the nervous system, exerts control vial hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(The Nervous System) Circulatory System

A

assists in regulatory functions by distributing hormones and chemical messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive chemical messengers from other neurons - messengers then converted into impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Soma

A

Central cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Axon

A

Sends messages (impulses) to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Synapse

A

Connects

Small gabs that separate neurons (between axons of one neuron and the dendrites of the other)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axon Terminal

A

Buds at end of axon from which chemical messages (impulses) are sent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CNS Anatomy

A

Spine 33 vertebrae

Cervical spine: 7 vertebrae

Thoracic Spine: 12 vertebrae

Lumbar spine: 5 vertebrae

Sacral spine: 5 vertebrae

Coccyx spine: 4 vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CNS Anatomy Meninges

A

Main job is to protect or “PAD”

Pia Mater: innermost layer, directly on CNS

Arachnoid Mater: middle layer, web-like (arachnoid = spider)

Dura Mater: Outermost layer (“durable”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

1 = Olfactory - Smell

2 = Optic - Vision

3 = Oculomotor - Eye movement, pupillary constriction

4 = Trochlear - Down and inward eye movement

5 = Trigeminal - Jaw movement

6 = Abducens - Lateral eye movement

7 = Facial - Facial movement

8 = Vestibulocochlear - hearing and equilibrium

9 = Glosspharyngeal - swallow

10 = Vagus - parasympathetic nervous system

11 - Accessory - shoulder shrug

12 - Hypoglossal - tongue movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Brain Anatomy Cerebrum

A

Cerebrum: The “actual” brain itself…when you think of “brain” you probably picture the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brain Anatomy Reticular Activating System

A

Responsible for maintaining consciousness and ability to respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brain Anatomy The brain receives how much blood flow and glucose

A

20% of the body’s total blood flow per minute

Consumes 25% of body’s glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brain Anatomy Diencephalon (interbrain)

A

Diencephalon (interbrain) Involuntary actions (temperature, sleep, water, balance, stress, emotions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brain Anatomy Mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

Pons, Medulla Oblongata (Respirations, blood pressure, heart rate) = brain stem “we live and die in the brainstem”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mental Status AEIOU TIPS

A

AEIOUS TIPS

A-lcohol
E-pilepsy
I-nsulin
O-verdose
U-remia
T-rauma
I-nfection
P-sychogenic
S-troke/syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Severity of AMS: DERM

A

D-epth of coma
E-yes
R-espiratory pattern
M-otor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glass coma score

A

EVM: 456

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mental Status: Babinski Reflex

A

Dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of others - indicates dysfunction of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mental Status - Decorticate Posturing

A

Deep cerebral brainstem injury - flexes towards the “cord”

19
Q

Mental Status -Decerebrate Posturing

A

Deep Cerebral brainstem injury (more severe than decorticate)

20
Q

Stroke Ischemic

A

Occlusive: Most common (80%) cerebral artery blocked by clot

Results in ischemia, inadequate blood supply to brain tissue, progresses to brain muscle infarction

Possible TPA (fibrinolytic) candidate, gain last time seen normal, etc. Typically a more gradual onset

21
Q

Stroke Hemorrhagic

A

Bleed: Less common (20%), bleeding can be within brain or on outer surface of brain

Sudden onset, severe headache

22
Q

Stroke Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A

Temporary interference with blood supply to brain (“mini stroke”)

Lasts for few minutes to several hours, symptoms fully resolve in no more than 24 hours

No evidence of residual brain or neurological damage

23
Q

Stroke Patients

A
  • Check blood glucose on all suspected stroke patients
  • Gain a good history from patient or family members, specifically, time of symptom onset/lat seen normal
  • Be cautious with oxygen administration - do not give oxygen unless SP02/patient presentation warrant
24
Q

Seizures Generalized

A

Electrical Discharge in small area of brain

Spreads to involve entire cerebral cortex causes widespread malfunction

Includes tonic-clonic and absence seizures

Tonic-clonic = “grand mal seizure”

Generalized motor seizure

Produces loss of consciousness

Specific progression of events

Aura
-> Loss of consciousness
-> Tonic phase, hyper tonic phase
-> Clonic phase
-> Post seizures
-> Postical

25
Q

Petit-mal/absence seizures

A

Brief, generalized seizure 10-30 seconds loss of consciousness or awareness

Eye or muscle fluttering

Occasional loss of muscle tone

26
Q

Partial Seizure

A

Confined to limited portion of brain

Localized malfunction

May spread and become generalized

27
Q

Simple Seizures

A

Focal motor, sensory, Jacksonian seizures

Chaotic movement or dysfunction of one area of the body

No loss of consciousness

28
Q

Complex Seizures

A

Temporal lobe or psycho motor seizures

29
Q

Distinctive aura Seizures

A

Unusual smell, taste, sound, Metallic taste in mouth is common

30
Q

Status Epilepticus

A

Two or more generalized motor seizures without intervening return of consciousness

31
Q

Management Seizures

A

1 cause of seizure activity is non-compliance with medications

Move objects from around patient

Oxygen

IV access

Benzodiazepine administration

Obtain BGL on all seizure patients

32
Q

Neurology Syncope

A

Syncope - Sudden, temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain

Regains consciousness when lying supine

Potential causes:
- Cardiovascular conditions
- Hypovolemia
- Non-cardiovascular disease
- Idiopathic (unknown cause)

33
Q

Neurology Headache

A
  • Acute (Sudden)
  • Chronic (constant or recurring)

Generalized (all over)
Localized (specific area)

Range from mild to severe

34
Q

Neurology Vascular

A
  • Migraines & Cluster headaches
  • Significant percentage are tension headaches
  • Continuous throbbing headache with fever, confusion, and/or nuchal rigidity = think meningitis
35
Q

Neurology Migraines

A
  • Last minutes to hours to days
  • Usually very intense, throbbing pain
  • photosensitivity
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Often unilateral
  • Occurs commonly in women
36
Q

CNS conditions - Bells Palsy

A

Sudden, unilateral weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles

Occurs due to dysfunction of seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve)

Often follows vial infection

Herpes Simplex Virus can also be a cause

37
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

“Tic Doloureux”

Extremely painful, affects 5th cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve)

Electrical shock type of spasms and pain

Tends to be chronic

Anti seizure medications used as treatments

37
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Results from death and disappearance of nerve cells in cerebral cortex. Marked atrophy of the brain

38
Q

Pick’s

A

Permanent form of dementia similar to Alzheimer’s disease

Tends to affect only certain areas of the brain, rare condition

39
Q

Huntington’s

A

Genetic Defect in chromosome 4

Adult onset and early onset types

40
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

A

Form of brain damage

Rapids decrease in mental function and movement, results from protein called “prion” No treatment

41
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

Genetic disease

Progressive muscle weakness

Degeneration of skeletal or voluntary muscle fibers

42
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Unpredictable disease of CNS

Inflammation of nerve cells

Demyelination or destruction of myelin sheath - protective covering of nerve body

Nerves unable to conduct impulses properly

43
Q

Duhenne Dystrophy

A

Most common childhood muscular dystrophy

Onset by age 6

symmetrical weakness/wasting

Progressive to death

44
Q

Gullain-Barre Syndrome

A

Serious disorder

Body’s immune system mistakenly attacks peripheral nerves

Leads to nerve inflammation that cause muscle weakness

45
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Degenerative changes in basal ganglia due to dopamine deficiency

Rhythmical muscular tremors

Rigidity of movement

Droopy posture

Usually occurs after 40 years of age

Leading cause of neuro disability > 60

46
Q

Spina Bifida

A

Neural tube defect

Failure of one or more fetal vertebrae to close in utero

Nerve damage is permanent

No cure

46
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

“Lou Gehrig’s Disease”

Progressive motor neuron disease

Disease of the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord

Results in progressive muscular atrophy, increased reflexes, spastic irritability of muscles

No cure

47
Q

Poliomyelitis (Polio)

A

Infectious, inflammatory viral disease of CNS

May result in permanent paralysis

New cases are rare

Pass_with_Pass (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions