neurology Flashcards
What are the cranial nerves?
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Cavalry
Accessory
Hypoglossal
What are acute symptomatic causes of blackouts?
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
PE
Adrenal insufficiency
Hypoglycaemia
Electrolyte disturbance
Drugs
Encephalitis
Syncope
Epilepsy
Non epileptic attacks
What are different types of seizures?
Tonic
Clonic
Febrile
Status epilepticus
Focal epilepsy
And more
What should you do if someone blacks out?
ABCDE
Recovery position
100% FiO2
BP (L+S), HR, ECG
GCS, pupils, plantars
Bleeding, safety etc
Don’t ever forget glucose
Document and examine
What is status epilepticus?
Continuous seizures more than 2 24hrs apart
Lasts more than 5 mins
What do you do if someone has a status epilepticus?
ABCDE
Call 999
Use benzodiazepines (lorazepam 2-4mg, after 5 mins buccal midazolam 10mg or rectal diazepam 10-20mg)
AED
GA
What do you do if someone has a focal weakness?
Aspirin and Clopidogrel
Transfer to hospital
NG tube- prevent aspiration
Stroke rehab
What do you do in hospital if someone has an acute stroke?
CT scan
Assess severity and suitability for tx
Mechanical thombectomy
IV thrombolysis
Oral antiplatelets
What you do if someone has an acute stroke?
ABCDE
Hypoglycaemia can mimic stroke
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
Questions to ask about breathlessness?
Do you use these drugs?
- antibiotics
- Botox
- corticosteroids
- beta blockers
- tricyclic antidepressants
Limb weakness/diplopia/sensory disturbance/precipitates/autonomic symptoms
What are differentials for breathlessness?
Myaesthenia gravis
Lambert Eaton
Botulism
Guillain-Barre
Vasculitides
Porphyria
Heavy metal poisoning
MND
Polio
Myosotis/myopathy
What do you do with breathlessness?
Respiratory muscle failure
ABCDE
Single breath count (YA median 39)
Call neurologist
