Neurology

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

a disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language. Causes problems with any or all of the following: speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

Question 2

Dysphagia

Answer 2

difficulty swallowing

Question 3

Ataxia

Answer 3

lack of muscles coordination during voluntary movements such as walking or picking up objects.

Question 4

Paraplegia

Answer 4

impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities

Question 5

Quadriplegia

Answer 5

paralysis cuased by illness or injurgy that results in the partial or total loss of use of all the limbs and torso.

Question 6

Neuropathy

Answer 6

a complication found in a number of different underlying medical conditions, or it can be seen without the cause being diagnosed (idiopathic). Nerve damage in the periphery.

Question 7

Hyperpathia

Answer 7

disagreeable or painful sensation in response to a normally innocuous stimulus (as touch)

Question 8

Wenicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Answer 8

“wet brain” manifestation of thiamin deficiency, most commonly seen in alcoholic patients

Question 9

Spina Bifida

Answer 9

developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube.

Question 10

Encephalopathy

Answer 10

disorder or disease of the brain, global brain dyfunction having many different causes.

Question 11

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 11

debilitating disease with varied etiology characterized by rapidly progressive weakness, muslce atrophy and fasciculations, muscle spasticity, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing.

Question 12

Psyllium

Answer 12

a dietary fiber, which is not absorbed by the small intestine. The purely mechanical action of psyllium mucilage absorbs excess water while stimulating normal bowel elimination. Although mainly used as a laxative, it is more appropriately termed a true dietary fiber and as such can help reduce the symptoms of both constipation and mild dairrhea.

Question 13

Astrocytoma

Answer 13

cancer of the brain orginating in a particular kind of glial cells in the cerebram called astrocytes. This type of tumor does not usually spread outside the brain and spinal cord and it does not usually affect other organs

Question 14

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 14

irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks.

Question 15

Dementia

Answer 15

a general term for a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life.

Question 16

Infarct

Answer 16

tissue death (necrosis) caused by a lack of oxygen, due to an obstruction of the tissue’s blood supply.

Question 17

AMS

Answer 17

Altered Mental Status

Question 18

Posturing-decorticate

Answer 18

abnormal posturing in which a person is stiff with bent arms, clenched fists and legs heald out straight. The arms are bent in toward the body and the wrists and fingers are bent and held on the chest. A sign of severe damage to the brain. It is usually not as serious as decerebrate posture.

Question 19

Posturing-decerebrate

Answer 19

abnormal body posture that involves the arms and legs being held straight out, the toes being pointed downward, and the head and neck being arched backwards. The muscles are tightened and held rigidly. It may alternate with deorticate posture.

Question 20

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 20

neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and psychiatric problems.

Question 21

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 21

progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects your movement. It develops gradually, someimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. But while tremor may be the most well-known sign of PD, the diorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement

Question 22

Aspiration Pneumonia

Answer 22

inflammation of the lungs and airways to the lungs (bronchial tubes) from breathing in foreign material

Question 23

Dysarthria

Answer 23

a motor speech disorder. The muscles of the mouth, face, and respiratory system may become weak, move slowly, or not move at all after a stroke or other brain injury.

Question 24

Hemiparesis

Answer 24

weakness on one side of the body

Question 25

Sialorrhoea

Answer 25

drooling or excessive salivation.

Question 26

Anticholinergic

Answer 26

a substance that blocks the NT Ach in the CNS and PNS. Inhibits parasympathetic nerve impulses selectively blocking the biding of Ach to its receptor in nerve cells. The parasympathetic system is responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the GI tract, urinary tract, lungs, etc.

Question 27

Acute Phase

Answer 27

innate body defense seen during acute illnesses and involves the increased production of certain blood proteins called acute phase proteins

Question 28

CRP

Answer 28

useful metabolic indicator for adults. Elevated in inflammation. Not specific to a system so further investigation required when elevated to determine source.

Question 29

Ptosis

Answer 29

drooping or falling of the upper or lower eyelid. The drooping may be worse after beng awake longer, when the individual’s muscles are tired.

Question 30

Glasgow Coma Score

Answer 30

aims to give a reliable, objective was of recording the conscious state of a person for intial as well as subsequent assessment. A score can range from 3-15. 3=deep unconsciousness.