Lab Values and Indications Flashcards

1
Q

Albumin

A

Normal: 3.5-5.0 g/dL Should not be used as an indicator of nutritional status. Use as an indicator of inflammatory metabolism, morbidity, mortality, or severity of illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

High Albumin

A

Normal: 3.5-5.0 g/dL High: severe dehydration, albumin infusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Low Albumin

A

Normal: 3.5-5.0 g/dL Low: fluid overload, chronic liver/pancreatic disease, steatorrhea, nephrotic syndrome, protein-energy malnutrition, inflammatory GI disease, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prealbumin

A

Normal: 19-43 mg/dL **More sensitive than albumin and will respond rapidly to nutrition intervention. Not a good marker for protein status and will decrease in zinc deficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

High Prealbumin

A

Normal: 19-43 mg/dL High: administration of corticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Low Prealbumin

A

Normal: 19-43 mg/dL Low: neonate, liver disease, malnutrition, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Total Protein

A

Normal: 6.4-8.3 g/dL (serum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

High Total Protein

A

Normal: 6.4-8.3 g/dL (serum) High: multiple myeloma, dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Low Total Protein

A

Normal: 6.4-8.3 g/dL (serum) Low: nephrosis, severe burns, malnutrition, overy hydration, hepatic insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transferrin

A

Normal: 200-400 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

High Transferrin

A

Normal: 200-400 mg/dL High: iron deficiency, infection, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, acute hepatitis, alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Low Transferrin

A

Normal: 200-400 mg/dL Low: anemia, protein-energy malnutrition, cirrhosis, malnutrition, collagen or chronic disease/infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BUN

A

Normal: 9-23 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

High BUN

A

Normal: 9-23 mg/dL High: w/ excessive protein intake, GI bleeding, dehydration, hypercatabolism, CHF (a decrease in cardiac output causes a decrease in GFR), transplant rejection, inadequate dialysis, renal disease, excessive protein catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Low BUN

A

Normal: 9-23 mg/dL Low: hepatic failure, hepatic failure, over-hydration, acute low protein intake, malabsorption, increase secretion of anabolic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Creatinine

A

Normal: 0.6-1.6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

High Creatinine

A

Normal: 0.6-1.6 High: Increased muscle mass, muscle damage, catabolism, MI, muscular dystrophy, ARF/CKD, excess protein intake, inadequate dialysis, transplant rejections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Low Creatinine

A

Normal: 0.6-1.6 Low: in chronic dialysis <10 may indicate PEM/wasting of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

RBC

A

Normal: Male=4.5-6.0 Female=4.0-5.5 million/mm3 *Not sensitive for iron, B12, or folate deficiencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

High RBC

A

Normal: Male=4.5-6.0 Female=4.0-5.5 million/mm3 High: high altitude, temporarily w/ strong emotion, diurnally, cold shower, reduced plasma volume, dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Low RBC

A

Normal: Male=4.5-6.0 Female=4.0-5.5 million/mm3 Low: anemia, hemorrhage, infectious disease, iron deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hgb

A

Normal: 12-16 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

High Hgb

A

Normal: 12-16 g/dL High: Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Low Hgb

A

Normal: 12-16 g/dL Low: over-hydration, prolonged iron deficiency, anemias, blood loss, CKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hct
Normal: 37-47%
26
High Hct
Normal: 37-47% High: polycythemia, dehydration
27
Low Hct
Normal: 37-47% Low: anemias, blood loss (endogenous & dialysis), CKD, insufficient ESA
28
Prothrombin Time (PT)
Normal: 10-13 sec. INR: 0.8-1.2
29
High PT
Normal: 10-13 sec High: Vit K deficiency, liver disease, fat malabsorption, medication therapy
30
INR for those on coumadin
2 to 3
31
Sodium
Normal: 132-146 mEq/L
32
High Sodium
Normal: 132-146 mEq/L High: dehydration, diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis, GI losses, renal disease, severe exercise, often masked by water retention
33
Low Sodium
Normal: 132-146 mEq/L Low: over-hydration, inappropriate ADH diuretic use, burns, starvation, adrenal insufficiency, nephritis, hyperglycemia, diabetic acidosis, hyperproteinemia
34
Potassium
Normal: 3.5-5.5 mEq/L
35
High Potassium
Normal: 3.5-5.5 mEq/L High: CKD, tissue destruction, shock, acidosis, dehydration, hyperglycemia, aldosterone antagonists overuse, diuretics, false increase with tourniquet, excessive oral intake, inadequate dialysis, inappropriate dialysate K, compression/fist clenching prior to sample
36
Low Potassium
Normal: 3.5-5.5 mEq/L Low: diuretic therapy, EtOH abuse, diarrhea/vomiting/laxative or enema abuse, malabsorption, correction of diabetic acidosis
37
Chloride
Normal: 99-109 mEq/L
38
High Chloride
Normal: 99-109 mEq/L High: excess salt, dehydration, some forms of metabolic acidosis, excessive use of chloride-containing meds, primary hypoparathyroidism
39
Low Chloride
Normal: 99-109 mEq/L Low: diabetic acidosis, K+ deficiency, metabolic alkalosis, excessive sweating, starvation, abnormal GI losses, chronic pyelonephritits, dilution (fluid excess), chloride is affected by the same conditions as sodium moves in the same direction
40
Calcium
Normal: 8.7-10.4 mg/dL
41
High Calcium
Normal: 8.7-10.4 mg/dL High: Too much Vit D or Ca, HIV/AIDS, hyperparathyroidism, bone tumor, Paget?s disease
42
Low Calcium
Normal: 8.7-10.4 mg/dL Low: Hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, Mg deficiency, osteomalacia, pancreatitis, Vit D deficiency
43
Phosphorus
Normal: 2.4-5.1 mg/dL
44
High Phosphorus
Normal: 2.4-5.1 mg/dL High: CKD, osteodystrophy, vitamin D intoxication, diurnal rhythm, excessive intake, inadequate P binder, hemolysis, healing fractures
45
Low Phosphorus
Normal: 2.4-5.1 mg/dL Low: Vit D deficiency, excess P binding, malabsorption/diarrhea/vomiting, alkalosis, diabetic acidosis, diuretic therapy, alcoholism, refeeding syndrome, post parathyroidectomy, osteomalacia, malnutrition, rickets, insulin injections
46
Magnesium
Normal: 1.3-2.7 mg/dL Total serum used for neuromuscular function, which will be seen at \<1 mEq/dL. Serum levels remain constant until body stores are nearly depleted.
47
High Magnesium
Normal: 1.3-2.7 mg/dL High: Addison?s disease, Chronic renal failure, dehydration, diabetic acidosis, oliguria, hemolysis, overuse of suppl
48
Low Magnesium
Normal: 1.3-2.7 mg/dL Low: Alcoholism, chronic diarrhea, hemodialysis, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, too much insulin, ulcerative colitis, K-depleting diuretics
49
Serum Glucose
Normal: 74-99 mg/dL
50
High Serum Glucose
Normal: 74-99 mg/dL High: DM, overfeeding, chronic hepatic disease, hyperthyroidism, malignancy, actue/emothional stress, burns, diabetic acidosis, pancreatic insufficiency, glucose intolerance
51
Low Serum Glucose
Normal: 74-99 mg/dL Low: hyperinsulinemia, EtOH abuse, pancreatic tumors, liver failure, pituitary dysfunction, malnutrition, extreme exercise
52
CO2 (Bicarbinate)
Normal: 20-31 mmol/L
53
High CO2
Normal: 20-31 mmol/L High: metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, emphysema, vomiting
54
Low CO2
Normal: 20-31 mmol/L Low: metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, hyperventilation, fever, lack of oxygen
55
CRP
Normal: \<1.0 mg/dL Useful metabolic indicator for adults
56
High CRP
Normal: \<1.0 mg/dL High: inflammation, arthritis, Crohn?s, lupus, tissue infection or damage, acute MI, kidney or bone marrow transplant rejection, soft tissue trauma, bacterial infection, postoperative wound infection, UTI, TB, malignant disease
57
Low CRP
Normal: \<1.0 mg/dL
58
T Bili
Normal: 0.3-1.0 mg/dL
59
High T Bili
Normal: 0.3-1.0 mg/dL High: cancer of pancreas or liver, bile duct obstructions, hepatitis, jaundice
60
Low T Bili
Normal: 0.3-1.0 mg/dL Low: provide trace elements Mn and Cu