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Clinical Terms > Lab Values and Indications > Flashcards

Lab Values and Indications Flashcards

1
Q

Albumin

A

Normal: 3.5-5.0 g/dL Should not be used as an indicator of nutritional status. Use as an indicator of inflammatory metabolism, morbidity, mortality, or severity of illness.

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2
Q

High Albumin

A

Normal: 3.5-5.0 g/dL High: severe dehydration, albumin infusion

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3
Q

Low Albumin

A

Normal: 3.5-5.0 g/dL Low: fluid overload, chronic liver/pancreatic disease, steatorrhea, nephrotic syndrome, protein-energy malnutrition, inflammatory GI disease, infection

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4
Q

Prealbumin

A

Normal: 19-43 mg/dL **More sensitive than albumin and will respond rapidly to nutrition intervention. Not a good marker for protein status and will decrease in zinc deficiency.

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5
Q

High Prealbumin

A

Normal: 19-43 mg/dL High: administration of corticoids

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6
Q

Low Prealbumin

A

Normal: 19-43 mg/dL Low: neonate, liver disease, malnutrition, inflammation

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7
Q

Total Protein

A

Normal: 6.4-8.3 g/dL (serum)

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8
Q

High Total Protein

A

Normal: 6.4-8.3 g/dL (serum) High: multiple myeloma, dehydration

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9
Q

Low Total Protein

A

Normal: 6.4-8.3 g/dL (serum) Low: nephrosis, severe burns, malnutrition, overy hydration, hepatic insufficiency

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10
Q

Transferrin

A

Normal: 200-400 mg/dL

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11
Q

High Transferrin

A

Normal: 200-400 mg/dL High: iron deficiency, infection, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, acute hepatitis, alcoholism

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12
Q

Low Transferrin

A

Normal: 200-400 mg/dL Low: anemia, protein-energy malnutrition, cirrhosis, malnutrition, collagen or chronic disease/infection

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13
Q

BUN

A

Normal: 9-23 mg/dL

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14
Q

High BUN

A

Normal: 9-23 mg/dL High: w/ excessive protein intake, GI bleeding, dehydration, hypercatabolism, CHF (a decrease in cardiac output causes a decrease in GFR), transplant rejection, inadequate dialysis, renal disease, excessive protein catabolism

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15
Q

Low BUN

A

Normal: 9-23 mg/dL Low: hepatic failure, hepatic failure, over-hydration, acute low protein intake, malabsorption, increase secretion of anabolic hormones

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16
Q

Creatinine

A

Normal: 0.6-1.6

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17
Q

High Creatinine

A

Normal: 0.6-1.6 High: Increased muscle mass, muscle damage, catabolism, MI, muscular dystrophy, ARF/CKD, excess protein intake, inadequate dialysis, transplant rejections

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18
Q

Low Creatinine

A

Normal: 0.6-1.6 Low: in chronic dialysis <10 may indicate PEM/wasting of muscle

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19
Q

RBC

A

Normal: Male=4.5-6.0 Female=4.0-5.5 million/mm3 *Not sensitive for iron, B12, or folate deficiencies

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20
Q

High RBC

A

Normal: Male=4.5-6.0 Female=4.0-5.5 million/mm3 High: high altitude, temporarily w/ strong emotion, diurnally, cold shower, reduced plasma volume, dehydration

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21
Q

Low RBC

A

Normal: Male=4.5-6.0 Female=4.0-5.5 million/mm3 Low: anemia, hemorrhage, infectious disease, iron deficiency

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22
Q

Hgb

A

Normal: 12-16 g/dL

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23
Q

High Hgb

A

Normal: 12-16 g/dL High: Dehydration

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24
Q

Low Hgb

A

Normal: 12-16 g/dL Low: over-hydration, prolonged iron deficiency, anemias, blood loss, CKD

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25
Q

Hct

A

Normal: 37-47%

26
Q

High Hct

A

Normal: 37-47% High: polycythemia, dehydration

27
Q

Low Hct

A

Normal: 37-47% Low: anemias, blood loss (endogenous & dialysis), CKD, insufficient ESA

28
Q

Prothrombin Time (PT)

A

Normal: 10-13 sec. INR: 0.8-1.2

29
Q

High PT

A

Normal: 10-13 sec High: Vit K deficiency, liver disease, fat malabsorption, medication therapy

30
Q

INR for those on coumadin

A

2 to 3

31
Q

Sodium

A

Normal: 132-146 mEq/L

32
Q

High Sodium

A

Normal: 132-146 mEq/L High: dehydration, diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis, GI losses, renal disease, severe exercise, often masked by water retention

33
Q

Low Sodium

A

Normal: 132-146 mEq/L Low: over-hydration, inappropriate ADH diuretic use, burns, starvation, adrenal insufficiency, nephritis, hyperglycemia, diabetic acidosis, hyperproteinemia

34
Q

Potassium

A

Normal: 3.5-5.5 mEq/L

35
Q

High Potassium

A

Normal: 3.5-5.5 mEq/L High: CKD, tissue destruction, shock, acidosis, dehydration, hyperglycemia, aldosterone antagonists overuse, diuretics, false increase with tourniquet, excessive oral intake, inadequate dialysis, inappropriate dialysate K, compression/fist clenching prior to sample

36
Q

Low Potassium

A

Normal: 3.5-5.5 mEq/L Low: diuretic therapy, EtOH abuse, diarrhea/vomiting/laxative or enema abuse, malabsorption, correction of diabetic acidosis

37
Q

Chloride

A

Normal: 99-109 mEq/L

38
Q

High Chloride

A

Normal: 99-109 mEq/L High: excess salt, dehydration, some forms of metabolic acidosis, excessive use of chloride-containing meds, primary hypoparathyroidism

39
Q

Low Chloride

A

Normal: 99-109 mEq/L Low: diabetic acidosis, K+ deficiency, metabolic alkalosis, excessive sweating, starvation, abnormal GI losses, chronic pyelonephritits, dilution (fluid excess), chloride is affected by the same conditions as sodium moves in the same direction

40
Q

Calcium

A

Normal: 8.7-10.4 mg/dL

41
Q

High Calcium

A

Normal: 8.7-10.4 mg/dL High: Too much Vit D or Ca, HIV/AIDS, hyperparathyroidism, bone tumor, Paget?s disease

42
Q

Low Calcium

A

Normal: 8.7-10.4 mg/dL Low: Hypoparathyroidism, liver disease, Mg deficiency, osteomalacia, pancreatitis, Vit D deficiency

43
Q

Phosphorus

A

Normal: 2.4-5.1 mg/dL

44
Q

High Phosphorus

A

Normal: 2.4-5.1 mg/dL High: CKD, osteodystrophy, vitamin D intoxication, diurnal rhythm, excessive intake, inadequate P binder, hemolysis, healing fractures

45
Q

Low Phosphorus

A

Normal: 2.4-5.1 mg/dL Low: Vit D deficiency, excess P binding, malabsorption/diarrhea/vomiting, alkalosis, diabetic acidosis, diuretic therapy, alcoholism, refeeding syndrome, post parathyroidectomy, osteomalacia, malnutrition, rickets, insulin injections

46
Q

Magnesium

A

Normal: 1.3-2.7 mg/dL Total serum used for neuromuscular function, which will be seen at <1 mEq/dL. Serum levels remain constant until body stores are nearly depleted.

47
Q

High Magnesium

A

Normal: 1.3-2.7 mg/dL High: Addison?s disease, Chronic renal failure, dehydration, diabetic acidosis, oliguria, hemolysis, overuse of suppl

48
Q

Low Magnesium

A

Normal: 1.3-2.7 mg/dL Low: Alcoholism, chronic diarrhea, hemodialysis, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, too much insulin, ulcerative colitis, K-depleting diuretics

49
Q

Serum Glucose

A

Normal: 74-99 mg/dL

50
Q

High Serum Glucose

A

Normal: 74-99 mg/dL High: DM, overfeeding, chronic hepatic disease, hyperthyroidism, malignancy, actue/emothional stress, burns, diabetic acidosis, pancreatic insufficiency, glucose intolerance

51
Q

Low Serum Glucose

A

Normal: 74-99 mg/dL Low: hyperinsulinemia, EtOH abuse, pancreatic tumors, liver failure, pituitary dysfunction, malnutrition, extreme exercise

52
Q

CO2 (Bicarbinate)

A

Normal: 20-31 mmol/L

53
Q

High CO2

A

Normal: 20-31 mmol/L High: metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, emphysema, vomiting

54
Q

Low CO2

A

Normal: 20-31 mmol/L Low: metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, hyperventilation, fever, lack of oxygen

55
Q

CRP

A

Normal: <1.0 mg/dL Useful metabolic indicator for adults

56
Q

High CRP

A

Normal: <1.0 mg/dL High: inflammation, arthritis, Crohn?s, lupus, tissue infection or damage, acute MI, kidney or bone marrow transplant rejection, soft tissue trauma, bacterial infection, postoperative wound infection, UTI, TB, malignant disease

57
Q

Low CRP

A

Normal: <1.0 mg/dL

58
Q

T Bili

A

Normal: 0.3-1.0 mg/dL

59
Q

High T Bili

A

Normal: 0.3-1.0 mg/dL High: cancer of pancreas or liver, bile duct obstructions, hepatitis, jaundice

60
Q

Low T Bili

A

Normal: 0.3-1.0 mg/dL Low: provide trace elements Mn and Cu

Clinical Terms (7 decks)

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