Neurology

Question 1

Causes of hemiplegia

Answer 1

Systemic

• Coagulopathies
• Sickle cell
• NF1

Cardiac

• HT
• Cyanotic congenital heart disease
• SBE
• Vessel abnormalieies

Infective

• HSV
• Bacterial meningitis
• Cerebral abscess

Traumatic

• MVA
• NAI

Question 2

Causes of LMN/neuromuscular DDx

Answer 2

Anterior horn cell

Peripheral nerve

Neuromuscular junction

Myopathy

Muscular distrophy

• congenital myopathy (central/core/nemaline)
• Dystrophyoes (DMD, BMD, FSHD, congenital muscular dystrophy )

Congenital myotonic dystrophy

Question 3

Upper motor neuron DDx

Answer 3

• Spine
  
  • unlikely unilateral
  • Facial sparing
• Brainstem
  
  • arm/leg weakness
  • facial weakness OPPOSITE side
• Subcortical
  
  • arm/leg weakness
  • facial weakness SAME side
• Cortical
  
  • arm/leg weakness
  • facial weakness SAME side
  • cortical signs (visual fieldsd, aphasia)