Neurology Flashcards
Is delirium reversible?
YES!
Causes of delirium
- Intoxication
- Occult infection
- Head trauma
- Seizure
- Mania
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Renal failure
- Hepatic failure
- Neoplasm
- Stroke
- Shock
How to treat delirium
Short acting neuroleptics
- Risperidone (2nd gen anti-psychotic)
- Haloperidol (1st gen anti-psychotic)
Symptoms of delirium
- Mental status changes from normal to not
- Easy distraction
- Confusion
- Illusions/visual hallucinations
Define a brief psychotic disorder
Hallucinations that are usually auditory and no alterations in orientation
*Less than one month!
Where is Wernicke’s located in the brain?
Superior temporal gyrus
What would a patient with Wernicke aphasia present like?
- Speech production preserved
- Language content incorrect (“word salad”)
- Patients are UNAWARE of deficit
- Inability to repeat
*Broca’s aphasia, patient is aware of their deficit!
Describe the CT of a patient presenting with Wernicke aphasia
Hypodense left temporal lobe
Lesion to the arcuate fasciculus would produce what?
Inability to repeat
*This is an area that arises in Wernicke’s and travels to Broca’s
Location & function of the postcentral gyrus
Located: Parietal lobe
Function: Primary somatosensory cortex
*Lesion would cause loss of somatic sensation like touch, pain, temperature
Location & function of the precentral gyrus
Located: Frontal lobe
Function: Motor
*Lesion would cause spastic paresis on CONTRALATERAL side
Known teratogenic effect of mumps infection in 1st trimester of pregnancy (unvaccinated mother)
Aqueductal stenosis –> proximal ventricular enlargement, forming a noncommunicating hydrocephalus
What does the cerebral aqueduct connect?
3rd & 4th ventricle
Where is the cerebral aqueduct located embryologically?
Midbrain, or Mesencephalon
Describe the order of flow & it’s associated foramina of CSF in the brain
1) Lateral ventricles –> Interventricular foramen of Monro
2) 3rd ventricle –> Cerebral aquaduct
3) 4th ventricle –> Foramen of Magendie (MEDIAL) & Foramen of Luschka (LATERAL)
4) Subarachnoid space –> Arachnoid granulations
5) Dural venous sinuses & internal jugular vein
