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CPA > Neurological System (Upper limb) > Flashcards

Neurological System (Upper limb) Flashcards

1
Q

In the upper limb which muscle group tone should be assessed?

A

Shoulder
Wrist
Elbow

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2
Q

How is tone assessed for the shoulder?

A

Circumduction

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3
Q

How is tone assessed at the elbow joint?

A

Flexion and extension

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4
Q

How is tone assessed in the wrist?

A

Circumduction

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5
Q

What abnormalities are detected when assessing the tone at each joint?

A

Spasticity
Rigidity
Cogwheeling
Hypotonia

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6
Q

Hypotonia is associated with which type of motor neurone lesion?

A

Lower motor neurone

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7
Q

Spasticity is associated with which type of tract lesion?

A

Pyramidal tract

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8
Q

Pyramidal tract lesions are associated with what type of abnormality?

A

Spasticity

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9
Q

What does hypertonia arise with an upper motor neurone lesion?

A

Upper motor neurones exhibit an inhibitory effect on the lower motor neurones, thus if this inhibition is lost, muscle tone is exaggerated

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10
Q

What abnormality is associated with extrapyramidal tract lesions?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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11
Q

Which myotome is associated with shoulder abduction?

A

C5

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12
Q

Which muscle group is associated with shoulder abduction?

A

Deltoids

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13
Q

How is the power of shoulder abduction assessed?

A

Flex elbows, and apply a downwards force, to which resistance is assessed
Ensure that the shoulder joint is isolated

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14
Q

When assessing shoulder adduction which myotome is being assessed?

A

C6/C7

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15
Q

Which muscles are associated with shoulder adduction?

A

Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major

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16
Q

How is the power of shoulder adduction assessed?

A

Bring elbows closer to the body and apply upwards resistance.

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17
Q

Which myotome is associated with elbow flexion?

A

C5-C6

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18
Q

Which muscle group is associated with bicep flexion?

A

Biceps brachii

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19
Q

How should elbow flexion be assessed (power)?

A

Apply resistance by pushing forearm away.

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20
Q

Which muscle is concerned with elbow extension?

A

Triceps brachii

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21
Q

Which myotome is concerned with elbow extension?

A

C7

22
Q

How is the power of elbow extension assessed?

A

Apply resistance by applying a pushing force

23
Q

Which myotome is concerned with wrist flexion?

A

C6/C7

24
Q

Which scale is used to assess power?

A

MRC muscle power scale

25
Q

What does a score of 0 represent on the MRC muscle power scale?

A

No movement

26
Q

A score of 1 on the MRC scale represents what?

A

Barest flicker of movement of the muscle, though not enough to move the structure to which it’s attached

27
Q

A score of 2 on the MRC scale represents what?

A

Voluntary movement which is not sufficient to overcome the force of gravity

28
Q

What score is associated with voluntary movement capable of overcoming gravity but not applied resistance?

A

3

29
Q

A score of 4 on the MRC scale represents what?

A

Voluntary movement capable of overcoming resistance

30
Q

What nerve roots are associated with the biceps reflex?

A

C5

C6

31
Q

How is the biceps reflex conducted?

A

Locate the biceps tendon, residing on the medial aspect of the antecubital fossa, place thumb of non-dominant hand over the tendon and tap your thumb with the tendon hammer

32
Q

Which nerve roots are associated with the triceps reflex?

A

C7

C8

33
Q

Which nerve roots are associated with the supinator reflex?

A

C6

34
Q

How is the triceps reflex elicited?

A

Triceps tendon relaxed, rest the patients elbow in 90 degree flexion on their lap, locate the triceps tendon, found superior to the olecranon process of the ulna

35
Q

Where is the triceps tendon located?

A

Superior to the olecranon process of the ulna

36
Q

Which tendon is associated with the supinator reflex?

A

Brachoradialis tendon

37
Q

Where is the supinator reflex elicited?

A

Locate the brachioradialis tendon which can be found on the posterolateral aspect of the wrist - 4 inches away proximal to the base of the thumb. Position two fingers over the tendon, tap your fingers with the tendon hammer.

38
Q

Areflexia is associated with which type of lesion?

A

Lower motor neurone lesion

39
Q

Hyperreflexia is associated with which type of lesion?

A

Upper motor neurone lesion

40
Q

The C5 dermatome is associated with which aspect of the upper arm?

A

Lateral aspect of the lower edge of the deltoid muscle (regimental badge)

41
Q

The regimental badge is associated with which dermatome?

A

C5

42
Q

The C6 dermatome is associated with which part of the upper limb?

A

The palmar side of the thumb

43
Q

The palmar side of the the thumb is associated with which dermatome?

A

C6

44
Q

The C7 dermatome is associated with which aspect of the upper limb?

A

The palmar side of the middle finger

45
Q

Which dermatome is implicated in the palmar side of the middle finger?

A

C7

46
Q

The C8 dermatome is associated with which aspect of the upper limb?

A

Palmar side of the little finger

47
Q

The palmar side of the little finger is associated with which dermatome?

A

C8

48
Q

Which dermatome is associated with the medial aspect of the antecubital fossa?

A

T1

49
Q

The T1 dermatome is associated with which aspect of the upper limb?

A

The medial aspect antecubital fossa proximal to the medial epicondyle

50
Q

The axilla is associated with which dermatome?

A

T2

CPA (5 decks)

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