Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPA > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What position are patients examined when doing a cardiovascular examination?

A

45 degrees and exposed from the waist upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where can the radial artery be palpated?

A

Between the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis and the tendon of the brachiradialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the radial pulse suggest?

A

Rate and Rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What pulse rate indicates bradycardia?

A

<60bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What pulse rate indicates tachycardia?

A

> 100bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the radial pulse palpated?

A

Count the pulses within the 30 seconds and multiply by a factor of 2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the ulnar artery palpated?

A

Lies between the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which two positions can the brachial artery be palpated?

A

1) Brachial artery medial the bicep’s tendon (medial to the antecubital fossa)
2) middle third of the humerus in the medial bicipital groove.
- Ensure that the elbow joint is fully extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What position is the elbow in when palpating the brachial artery?

A

Fully extended.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the common carotid artery palpated?

A

1) Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

2) Lateral border of the thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the carotid pulse give?

A

Character and volume can only be detected from the central arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the apex beat palpated?

A

5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is the apex beat palpated?

A

Start palpating from the lateral side (near the mid axillary line) - anterior towards the mid-clavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A patient with cardiomegaly will exhibit what type of apex beat when palpated?

A

Displaced apex beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the range of a normal pulse rate?

A

60-100bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the units for a pulse rate?

A

Beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give 4 pathological causes of an absent apex beat in the 5th intercostal space MCL?

A

Pericardial effusion
Pleura effusion
Obesity
Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Demonstrate how you will palpate a heave

A

Place the heel of your hand parallel to the left sternal edge of palpate for heaves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is a heave detected/felt, once palpated?

A

The heel of your hand is lifted with each systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parasternal heaves are associated with what type of pathology?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Demonstrate how you will palpate a thrill

A

Assess the thrill across each of the heart valves

Place hand horizontally across the chest wall, with the flats of your fingers and palm over the valve to be assessed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a thrill?

A

A thrill is a palpable vibration caused by turbulent flow through a heart valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a heave?

A

A parasternal heave is a precordial impulse that can be palpated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name all four heart valves

A

Pulmonary
Tricuspid
Mitral
Aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the aortic valve auscultated?

A

Right sternal border in the 2nd intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve auscultated?

A

Left sternal border in the 2nd intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve auscultated?

A

Left 5th costo-sternal border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where is the mitral valve auscultated?

A

Left 5th intercostal space at the apex beat

-Use the Bell of the stethoscope

29
Q

What are the 5 pathological causes of an ejection systolic murmur?

A 
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic sclerosis
Atrial septal defect
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
30
Q

How can aortic stenosis be detected on auscultation?

A

Auscultate the carotid arteries using the diaphragm whilst the patient holds their breath

31
Q

Where is aortic stenosis accentuated?

A

Carotid arteries

32
Q

How can aortic regurgitation be accentuated?

A

Inform the patient to lean forwards, and auscultate of the aortic area with the diaphragm during expiration

33
Q

What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?

A

Ejection systolic murmur

34
Q

In what position should patients be in when assessing for mitral valve pathologies (stenosis/regurgitation)?

A

Left lateral decubitus position

35
Q

What should the patient be doing when accentuating the auscultation for aortic stenosis?

A

Holding their breath

36
Q

What type of murmur is associated with aortic regurgitation?

A

Early diastolic murmur

37
Q

What type of murmur is associated with mitral valve regurgitation?

A

Pan-systolic murmur during expiration

38
Q

Where is mitral valve regurgitation detected?

A

Left lateral decubitus position, mitral area

39
Q

When palpating for mitral valve regurgitation, where does the murmur radiate to?

A

Radiates into the axilla

40
Q

Which type of valvular defect is associated with murmur radiation into axilla?

A

Mitral valve regurgitation

41
Q

A pan-systolic murmur is associated with which type of valvular defect?

A

Mitral valve regurgitation

42
Q

In what position should the patient be in when detecting for aortic regurgitation?

A

The patient should lean forwards

43
Q

What part of the stethoscope should be used when palpating for mitral stenosis?

A

The bell

44
Q

What type of murmur is associated with mitral valve stenosis?

A

Mid-diastolic murmur

45
Q

A mid-diastolic murmur is associated with which type of valvular defect?

A

Mitral valve stenosis

46
Q

When is the pan-systolic murmur heard in mitral valve regurgitation?

A

Expiration

47
Q

What are the four areas of pulse palpation in the lower limb?

A

1) Femoral artery
2) Popliteal artery
3) Dorsalis pedis artery
4) Posterior tibial artery

48
Q

At which point should the femoral pulse be palpated?

A

The mid-inguinal point

49
Q

Where is the mid-inguinal point?

A

The midpoint between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

50
Q

Where can the popliteal pulse be palpated?

A

Inferior region of the popliteal fossa

51
Q

How is the popliteal pulse palpated?

A

Place thumbs on the tibial tuberosity
Passively flex the knee to 30 degrees
Curl fingers into the popliteal fossa - compress the popliteal artery against the tibia

52
Q

Where can the posterior tibial pulse be palpated?

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia

53
Q

Where can the dorsalis pedis pulse be palpated?

A

Located on the dorsum of the foot, lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon, over the second and third cuneiform bones

54
Q

Describe the right upper border of the heart

A

3rd Costal cartilage, 1cm from the sternal angle

55
Q

Describe the right lower border of the heart

A

6th costal cartilage 1cm from the sternal border

56
Q

Describe the right border of the heart

A

3rd to 6th costal cartilage 1cm from the sternal border

57
Q

Describe the left upper border of the heart

A

2nd ICS, 2.5cm from the sternal angle

58
Q

Describe the left lower border of the heart

A

5th ICS, mid-clavicular space

59
Q

What are the three pulses palpated in the head and neck?

A

1) Carotid artery
2) Superficial temporal artery
3) Subclavian artery

60
Q

Where is the carotid artery palpated?

A

Palpated in the neck between the lateral side of the thyroid cartilage, and medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

61
Q

Which is the strongest pulse used to assess character and volume?

A

Carotid pulse

62
Q

Where is the superficial temporal artery pulse palpated?

A

Palpated in front of the tragus of the ear

63
Q

Which pulse can be felt, anterior to the tragus of the ear?

A

Superficial temporal artery pulse

64
Q

Where is the subclavian artery palpated?

A

Can be palpated in the supraclavicular fossa region, the angle between the clavicle and sternocleidomastoid

65
Q

Which dissection is associated with severe chest pain, anterior and posterior?

A

Type A aortic dissection

66
Q

A type B aortic dissection is associated with what type of pain radiation?

A

Back pain, followed by chest and abdominal pain

67
Q

Describe the surface markings for the arch of the aorta

A

· Beginning of the arch (from ascending aorta) at the level of right 2nd CC · End of the arch (becomes thoracic aorta) at the level of left 2nd CC.

Top of the arch in between the sternal angle and jugular notch

Sternal angle (T4/T5)

68
Q

What are the major branches from the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid
Left subclavian artery

69
Q

Describe and demonstrate the surface markings for the right common carotid artery

A

Right sternoclavicular joint to the lobe of the right ear

Inform the patient to turn their head to the left side.

CPA (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions