Neurological OSCE Exam Questions

Question 1

Types of Stroke and ratio

Answer 1

Ischaemic (85%) -

Haemorrhagic (15%)

Question 2

Status Epilepticus

Answer 2

Serial seizures without recovery of consciousness or tonic/clonic >30mins

Question 3

Encephalitis

Answer 3

Inflamation of the brain parenchyma (nervous tissue n the brain)

Virus, bacteria, rabies, syphilis, malaria, lyme disease

Meningeal signs (may also have meningitis).

Question 4

Meningitis

Answer 4

Inflamation fo the meninges and CSF

Bacterial, viral, fungal infections, cancer, lupus, drugs

Neck stiffness, vomitting, back/neck pain, blurred visions, photphobia, fever, ALOC

Question 5

Meninges

Answer 5

Dura mater (2 layes - furthest from CNS)

Arachnoid mater

Pia Mater (inside - nearest CNS)

Question 6

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 6

Autoimmune disease - anti-body mediated destruction of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions

Question 7

Guillain Barre Syndrome

Answer 7

Actue inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Immune respose to foreing antigens but mistrageted to host nerve tissue

Altered transmission of electrical impulses along PNS

(CNS not affected)

Question 8

Grey and White Matter

Answer 8

Grey matter = cell bodies, dendrites and axon terminals

White matter = axons connectign grey matter

Grey matter on outside of brain and inside of spinal cord.

Question 9

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 9

Autoimmune disease - immune sytem attacks myelin sheaths around nerves in brain and spinal cord

Question 10

Motor neurone disease

Answer 10

Group of progressive neurological disorders where motro neuron cells are destroyed

Question 11

Parkinsons

Answer 11

Degenerative disorder of the CNS - isufficient formation of dopamine - decreased stimulation of motor cortex by basal ganglia

Question 12

GCS

Answer 12

Eyes - Spontaneous, Speech, pain, None

Verbal - Orientated, Disor, Inap, Incomp, None,

Motor - Obeys, Localises, Withdraws, Flex, Exte, None

Question 13

Functions of the NS

Answer 13

Receive impulses from insside and outside body,

Convey impulses from brain to stimulate or depress activity in muscles, glands and other tissues

Integrate the different functions carried out by organs, tissues, cells…

Question 14

Types of receptors

Answer 14

1. Chemoreceptors –detect chemical changes. Smell, taste, hormone detection, acid base balance, etc.
2. Mechanoreceptors. Pacininan corpuscle, responds to bending stretching or pressing of the receptor membrane.
3. Baroreceptors. Pressure receptors
4. Proprioceptors. Sense of position
5. Nociceptors. Pain detection.
6. Thermo receptors. photoreceptors, rods and Cones. Olfactory receptors.

Question 15

The PNS is made up of

Answer 15

12 pairs of cranial nerves

31 Pairs of spinal nerves

Efferent divided into 2: Somatic (those acting on skeletal muscle) and Autonomic (those acting on autonomic control systems)

Autonomic = Sympathetic (speed up), Parasympathetic (slow down)

Question 16

Aut