Neurological Organisation Flashcards
What does neurons mean?
Neurons are nerve cells which transmit nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
What does nerves mean?
Nerves are a bundle of neurons (nerve cells)
What does interneurons mean?
Interneurons transmit nerve impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
What is a sensory neuron?
Sensory neurons carry nerve impulses from receptors to the brain and spinal cord
What is a motor neuron?
Motor neurons carry nerve impulses away from the brain and spinal column to effectors (muscles or glands)
What is an effector?
Muscles or glands
What is a receptor?
Sense organs
What is an axon?
Axons carry nerve impulses away from the cell body
What is a cell body?
The cell body contains the nucleus and many other cell organelles
What are an axon terminals?
Axon terminals are at the end of the axon that contacts either the dendrites of the next neuron or the effector that the neuron activates
What are dendrites?
Dendrites receive messages from other neurons and carry them towards the cell body
What does the acronym CNS stand for?
Central nerve system
What is another name for action potential?
Nerve impulses
What is the Myelin Sheath?
The myelin sheath is a fatty material that wraps around the axon of sensory and motor neurons. It Speeds up transmission of the nerve impulse, insulates the neuron, and protects the neuron (SIP)
What is synapse?
The junction where to neurons meet
What is a pre-synaptic neuron?
The neuron before the synapse
What are post-synaptic neurons?
The neurons after the synapse
What is a synaptic cleft?
The gap between two neurons
What is a neurotransmitter?
Chemicals used to transport, an action potential (nerve impulse) across the synapse
What is a vesicle?
A vesicle is a membrane bound sac that, in nerve cells, contain chemicals called neurotransmitters
What is the central nervous system?
It is the control centre consisting of your brain and spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system?
It is made up of the nerves that connect the CNS with receptors, muscles and glands
What is the spinal cord?
The spinal-cord is a cylindrical structure that runs down the bony vertebral column
What is the somatic nervous system?
The somatic nervous system is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Every deliberate conscious action a person makes involves neurons in the somatic nervous system. It is also referred to as the voluntary nervous system.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system regulates the function of internal involuntary organs, such as the heart, lungs, and bladder.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
The sympathetic nervous system controls fight, or Flight stress responses
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
The parasympathetic nervous system regulate rest and digest functions.
What is action potential?
Nerve impulses (action potentials) travel down neurons like electricity at very high speeds
