Neurological Examination Flashcards
What are the components of a neurological evaluation?
History
Physical Examination
Diagnostic Modalities
What is the most important part of the neurological evaluation?
HIstory
History is an active process that requires what rather than simple passive note taking?
Listening
Thinking
Reflective Questioning
What things are included in a history?
Age Sex Handedness Occupation History of Present Complaint
History also included what other components?
Neurological Screening Questions Past Medical History Drug History Family History Social History
History of the present complaint includes what components?
- Nature of Complaint
- Time Course
- Precipitating/Relieving and Aggravating Factors
- Previous Treatments and Investigations
- Current Neurological State
A general neurological examination may yield what?
Important Clues
A mental status examination (MSE) includes what components?
Level of Conciousness
Orientation to time, place, and person
Folstein Mini-mental Status Test
Partial Lobe Function (clock face)
Dysarthria includes which cranial nerves?
9, 10, 11, 12
Dysarthria causes what symptoms?
Pharyngeal Weakness or Incoordination
Language abnormalities are a function of which areas?
Cortex
Thalamus
Basal Nuclei
Language abnormalities will be observed how?
Repeating words/phrases
Name simple objects
Commands
Writing a sentence
CN I is tested to identify which conditions?
Anosmia
Dysgeusia
Ageusia
Parosmia
CN II tests the function of?
Visual Acuity (resolution) using the opthalmoscope
CN III, IV, and VI are tested for what?
Diplopia
If CN III is affected what type of problems will be seen?
Pupillary Dilation
Ptosis
Inability to look up, down or in
If CN IV is affected what type of problems will be seen?
Ipsilateral eye is higher than normal opposite eye. (can’t be turned down when eye is rotated in {adducted})
If CN VI is affected what type of problem will be seen?
Cross-Eyed (eye is rotated in medially)
What are the branches of CN V?
V1
V2
V3
CN VII tests for what things?
Motor, Sensory and Parasympathetic
Facial Motor Weakness
If the UMN is involved what is the specific pathway?
Corticonuclear Pathway
If the LMN is involved what is the condition called?
Peripheral 7th N palsy
CN VIII is associated with what?
Bone VS. Air Conduction
If bone conduction is less than air conduction CN VIII is?
Normal
If bone conduction is greater than air conduction than CN VIII is?
Abnormal
CN VIII is associated with?
Rotational and Caloric Stimuli
Objective/Subjective Vertigo
COWS
CN IX and X are associated with what?
Gag Reflex
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
CN XI innervates which muscles?
SCM
Trapezius
If CN XII is affected what will it cause?
Tongue Deviation
What are the tests for neurological motor examination?
Muscle Strength Testing
Muscle Stretch Reflexes
What are the maneuvers to test the cerebellum?
Finger to Nose
Heel-Knee-Shin
What are the tests for the neurological sensory examination?
Anterolateral System Testing
Posterior Column Testing
What are the diagnostic modalities/studies?
X-Ray CT MRI PET Blood Tests EEG NCS EMG
