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Neuroscience 2 Exam 1 > Nerve Pathology Part 3 > Flashcards

Nerve Pathology Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Median N entrapment will cause what syndromes?

A

Pronator Syndrome
Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
Anterior Interosseous Syndrome (motor)

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2
Q

Ulnar N entrapment will cause what syndromes?

A

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Tunnel of Guyon Syndrome

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3
Q

Radial N entrapment will cause what syndromes?

A

Radial Tunnel Syndrome

Posterior Interosseous Syndrome (motor)

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4
Q

What are the mechanical causes of carpel tunnel syndrome?

A

Overuse
RA/Tenosynovitis
Lipoma
Fx/Dislocations

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5
Q

What are the physiologic causes of carpel tunnel?

A

Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Pregnancy

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6
Q

Symptoms of carpel tunnel syndrome include?

A

Wrist/Hand pain that may radiate to forearm, elbow, and shoulder

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7
Q

Other symptoms of carpel tunnel syndrome includes?

A

Numbness/paresthesias of radial 3 and 1/2 digits sparing the thenar eminence
Nocturnal Exacerbations

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8
Q

What are the physical examination tests for carpel tunnel syndrome?

A 
Phalen's
Tinel's or Compression
Abductor Policis Brevis Weakness
Objectifiable Sensory Loss over Radial 3 and 1/2 digits
Eventual Thenar Atrophy
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9
Q

Electrodiagnostic studies for carpel tunnel syndrome shows what with NCV studies?

A

Latency

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10
Q

What is the term for entrapment or compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

Meralgia Paresthetica

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11
Q

Sites of entrapment/compression for meralgia paresthetica include?

A

Inguinal Ligament

External Forces such as being overweight and sitting for long periods of time.

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12
Q

What N travels through a tunnel formed by the flexor retinaculum, calcaneus and distal tibia (malleolus)?

A

Posterior Tibial N

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13
Q

What syndrome is most often due to hyperpronantion which stretches the N in the tunnel?

A

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

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14
Q

How do you test for for tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Dorsiflexion and Eversion of the Ankle

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15
Q

What disease is extremely common and on the rise?

A

Diabetic Neuropathies

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16
Q

What causes diabetic neuropathies?

A

Deposition of sorbitol

Blockage of Vascular Supply

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17
Q

What are the different types of neuropathy?

A

Symmetric Distal
Asymmetric
Amyotropy
Autonomic

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18
Q

When a patient complains of bilateral leg weakness following either a viral infection or immunization the disease is known as?

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

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19
Q

A patient with guillain barre syndrome may complain of?

A

Distal Paresthesias

20
Q

What’s the cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

Unknown, but believed to be a demyelinating autoimmune disorder.

21
Q

What is the association with guillain barre syndrome?

A

Post-viral Illness

22
Q

What are some of the symptoms for guillain barre syndrome?

A

Loss of deep tendon reflexes
Fluctuations in BP
Abnormalities in Sweating
Sphincter Dysfunction

23
Q

With guillain barre syndrome the weakness will progress how?

A

Variably and involves arms and face

24
Q

10% of patients with guillain barre syndrome have?

A

Respiratory Involvement

25
Q

Patients with guillain barre syndrome demonstrate high protein content where?

A

CSF (may take 2-3 weeks)

26
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome is self-resolving in how many patients within months?

A

80%-90%

27
Q

10% of patients with guillain barre syndrome will have what?

A

Residual Disability

28
Q

What medication should not be given for guillain barre syndrome because of the possibility of prolonging recovery time?

A

Prednisone

29
Q

What medication will benefit a patient with guillain barre syndrome?

A

Plasmapheresis

IV Immunoglobulin

30
Q

Myastenia gravis involves what?

A

Neuromuscular Junction

31
Q

What are the symtoms of myasthenia gravis?

A

Double Vision
Difficulty Swallowing
Weakness of the arm with repeated use
Weakness of jaw muscles when chewing

32
Q

What is blocked by autoantibodies that bind to Ach receptors and makes them unavailable?

A

Neuromuscular Transmission

33
Q

Myastenia Gravis may be idiopathic or associated with?

A

Thymoma, thyrotoxicosis, RA, or lupus

34
Q

What are common in older men?

A

Thymomas

35
Q

What is considered in a search for a thymoma?

A

Chest Radiograph

Computed Tomography

36
Q

In an older man with thymoma electrophysiologic testing will reveal a decreased response to?

A

Stimulation

37
Q

What lab tests are used to test for myasthenia gravis?

A

A test to assay circulating levels of Ach receptor antibodies

38
Q

Medical evaluation for myasthenia gravis involves drug testing using a short acting anticholinesterase which causes?

A

Temporary Increase in Strength

39
Q

Symptomatic treatment for myasthenia gravis involves the use of?

A

Anticholinesterase medications such as Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine

40
Q

What is often dramatically effective and is often recommended to patients under age 60 years old with myasthenia gravis?

A

Thymectomy

41
Q

What disease is idiopathic but 50% of them are associated with neoplasm?

A

Lambert-Eaton Syndrome

42
Q

Lambert-eaton syndrome forms antibodies with?

A

Calcium

43
Q

The antibodies prevent the opening of calcium channels and thus prevent the release of?

A

Acetylcholine

44
Q

With lambert eaton, weakness is apparent immediately upon testing but improves on?

A

Sustained contraction

45
Q

Lambert eaton doesn’t usually include?

A

Cranial Nerves

46
Q

The treatment for lambert eaton is similar to the treatment for?

A

Myastenia Gravis

Neuroscience 2 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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