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PT Fundamentals > Neurological Exam > Flashcards

Neurological Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of a neuro screening?

A

identify/rule out lower or upper motor neuron pathology, neurological dysfunction, assist w/ differential dx

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2
Q

What are the components of a basic neuro screen?

A

Myotomal test (motor), dermatome test (sensory), reflex testing, CNS screen (Babinski, Inverted supinator, clonus)

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3
Q

What myotome(s) are associated with a step up?

A

L3-L4

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4
Q

What myotome(s) are associated with heel walking?

A

L4-L5

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5
Q

What myotome(s) are associated toe walking w/ raised heel?

A

L5-S1

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6
Q

What myotome(s) are associated with neck flexion?

A

C1, C2

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7
Q

What myotome(s) are associated with neck sidebending?

A

C3

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8
Q

What does C4 function to provide?

A

Shoulder elevation

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9
Q

What does C5 function to provide?

A

shoulder abduction

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10
Q

What myotome(s) are associated elbow flexion?

A

c6

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11
Q

What myotome(s) are associated elbow extension?

A

c7

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12
Q

What does C8 function to provide?

A

thumb abduction

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13
Q

What does T1 function to provide?

A

finger abduction

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14
Q

What movement does L2-L3 provide?

A

hip flexion

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15
Q

What myotome(s) are associated knee extension?

A

L3-L4

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16
Q

What myotome(s) are associated ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L4, L5

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17
Q

What does L5 alone function to provide?

A

Great toe Ext

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18
Q

What myotome(s) are associated with ankle plantar flexion?

A

S1-S2

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19
Q

What region does C5 provide sensory for?

A

mid-deltoid

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20
Q

What dermatome provides sensory to the radial aspect of the 2nd metacarpal?

A

C6

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21
Q

What region does C7 provide sensory for?

A

dorsal aspect of middle finger

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22
Q

What dermatome provides sensory to the ulnar aspect of the 5th metacarpal?

A

C8

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23
Q

What region does T1 provide sensory for?

A

medial forearm

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24
Q

What region does L1 provide sensory for?

A

inguinal area

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25
Q

What dermatome provides sensory for the anterior mid-thigh?

A

L2

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26
Q

What region does L3 provide sensory for?

A

medial knee

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27
Q

What dermatome provides sensory for the medial malleolus?

A

L4

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28
Q

What region does L5 provide sensory for?

A

Distal medial dorsum of foot

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29
Q

What dermatome provides sensory for the lateral border of the foot?

A

S1

30
Q

What region does S2 provide sensory for?

A

posterior/medial calcaneus

31
Q

A hypo-reflexive response indicates what?

A

lower motor neuron (possible neerve root compression/neuropathy)

32
Q

A hyper-reflexive response indicated what?

A

upper motor neuron (CNS pathology)

33
Q

What is the C5 reflex?

A

biceps brachii

34
Q

What spinal level(s) provide reflex for the brachioradialis?

A

C6

35
Q

What is the c7 reflex?

A

triceps

36
Q

What spinal level(s) provide reflex for the patella?

A

L2-4

37
Q

What is the S1-2 reflex?

A

Achilles

38
Q

What grade is a normal reflex response?

A

2+

39
Q

What grade on a reflex test indicates a very brisk response, maybe clonus?

A

4+

40
Q

What grade on a reflex test indicates no response?

A

0

41
Q

A grade of 3+ indicates what on a reflex test?

A

brisk response, possibly hyperreflexive

42
Q

A grade of 1+ indicates what on a reflex test?

A

low-normal response

43
Q

What does a grade of 1+R indicate on a reflex test?

A

absent response but appeared with reinforcement

44
Q

What does a grade of 0R indicate on a reflex test?

A

no response even with reinforcement

45
Q

What is clonus?

A

series of unvoluntary muscular contractions due to sudden stretching of the muscle

46
Q

What does clonus indicate?

A

CNS disorders

47
Q

What is clonus most commonly tested on?

A

ankles and wrists

48
Q

What indicates a positive babinski?

A

Extension of hallux and fanning of toes

49
Q

Does toes curling indicate a positive babinski?

A

no

50
Q

What indicates a positive Hoffman’s test?

A

thumb and first finger come together

51
Q

What is normal BP?

A

> 120/80

52
Q

What is prehypertension?

A

120-129/<80

53
Q

What is stage 1 hypertension?

A

130-139/80-89

54
Q

What is stage 2 hypertension?

A

> =140/90

55
Q

What is hypertensive crisis?

A

> = 180/120

56
Q

What does a 0-0.4 gait speed indicate?

A

a household ambulator

57
Q

What gait speed indicates a limited community ambulator?

A

0.4-0.8

58
Q

What does a 0.8 indicate for gait speed?

A

community ambulator

59
Q

What range indicates a likeliness to be d/c to SNF over home?

A

0-0.1

60
Q

What range of gait speed indicated higher fall risk?

A

0-0.6

61
Q

What gait speed range indicates dependent in ADLs?

A

0-0.6

62
Q

What gait speed range indicates independent in ADLs?

A

1-1.4

63
Q

What is the appropriate location to measure waist circumference?

A

just superior to the iliac crest, around/just below umbilicus

64
Q

What waist circumference indicates a high risk for cardiac disease in males?

A

> 40 in (102 cm)

65
Q

What waist circumference indicates a high risk for cardiac disease in females?

A

> 35 in (88 cm)

66
Q

What BMI score classifies as underweight?

A

<18.5

67
Q

What is the normal BMI range?

A

18.5-24.9

68
Q

What is the BMI range indicated overweight?

A

25-29.9

69
Q

What BMI range classifies as obesity class 3?

A

> =40

70
Q

What BMI range classifies as obesity class 1?

A

30-34.9

71
Q

What BMI range classifies as obesity class 2?

A

25-39.9

PT Fundamentals (6 decks)

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