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Nursing 101 exam 2 > neurological exam 2 > Flashcards

neurological exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of aphasia would someone with CVA (stroke) most likely have?

A

expressive aphasia

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2
Q

If the results to a brain injury are expressive aphasia, which part of the brain was likely injured?

(rhymes with stroke or strokas lol)

A

Broca’s Area (motor speech area)

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3
Q

Which lobe associates with receptive aphasia?

A

Temporal

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4
Q

Which part of the brain associates with Proprioception?

A

Parietal

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5
Q

What does the Cerebellum deal with?

A

coordinates movement, maintains equilibrium, muscle tone, balance, and posture

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6
Q

What kind of data does the Parietal lobe process?

(remember what proprioception is, sensing what’s around you in relation to where you are)

A

data from senses (touch, sight, smell, hearing, taste)

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7
Q

What is ataxia and which part of the brain associates with it?

A

inability to control muscle movement

Cerebellum

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8
Q

Give the sequence of neurologic examination

A
  1. Mental status
  2. Cranial nerves
  3. Proprioception/Cerebellar function
  4. Sensory
  5. Reflex
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9
Q

Where is broca’s area located?

(lyrics from Train “soul sister)

A

frontal lobe left side

(your lipstick stains on the front lobe of my left-side brain)

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10
Q

Where would you find the motor cortex (initiates voluntary movement) and the Broca’s area (motor speech area) (if injured expressive aphasia)?

A

Frontal lobe

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11
Q

Which type of aphasia is when you can talk but cannot understand what others are saying? (can’t receive)

Which type of aphasia makes it so your workds don’t come out right? (can’t express yourself)

A

receptive aphasia (injury to wernickes area, temporal lobe)

expressive aphasia (injury to Broca’s area, frontal lobe)

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12
Q

Which Lobe of the brain is the primary auditory reception area?

(hint: the place where wernicke’s area is found)

A

Temporal Lobe

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13
Q

Which lobe is the primary vision center?

A

Occipital Lobe

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14
Q

What word describes the ability to know where you are in relation to everything else?

A

Proprioception

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15
Q

If you have ataxia, what part of the brain isn’t functioning correctly?

A

Cerebellum

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16
Q

What part of the body mediates reflexes?

A

Spinal Cord

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17
Q

Which part of the spinal cord is arranged in a butterfly shape with anterior and posterior horns?

A

nerve cell bodies

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18
Q

Name the two pathways of the CNS

A

Left Cerebral Cortex

Right Cerebral Cortex

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19
Q

Which one of the 2 CNS pathways, receives sensory info from and sends motor function to the right side of the body?

A

Left Cerebral Cortex

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20
Q

Which one of the 2 CNS pathways receives sensory info from and sends motor function to the left side of the body?

A

Right Cerebral Cortex

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21
Q

What is stereognosis?

(hint:what’s in the bottom of my purse?)

A

fine localized touch, without looking you can ID familiar objects by touch

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22
Q

Sensation travels via which type of fibers?

A

afferent

(sensory in)

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23
Q

List in order the places sensation travels to via afferent fibers

(Sensory Pathways)

A

from peripheral nerve

to

posterior dorsal root

to

spinal cord

then to

Spinothalamic tract or Posterior dorsal columns

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24
Q

Posterior Dorsal Columns have fibers that conduct sensations of what?

(3 things)

A

fine localized touch (stereognosis)

vibration

proprioception (position)

25
Q

Which “Tract” deals with pain, temperature, and crude touch?

A

Spinothalamic Tract

26
Q

Pain and temperature sensations travel via which type of fibers?

A

afferent

27
Q

Give the order of how Pain and temperature sensations travel on the Spinothalamic tract.

(Where do thcome from and where all do they go?)

A

Peripheral nerve

to

posterior dorsal root

to

spinal cord

then synapse with a 2nd sensory neuron

then ascends up lateral spinothalamic tract

28
Q

How does Crude touch travel?

A

up the Anterior Spinothalamic Tract

29
Q

Which pathway mediates very skilled purposeful movement like writing?

A

(Motor Pathways)

Corticospinal or Pyramidal Tract

30
Q

Which “Tracts” control Lower Body movement, maintain muscle tone, controls gross automatic movements such as walking?

A

Extrapyramidal Tracts

31
Q

Does the Cerebellar System operate on a conscious or subconscious level?

A

subconscious

(coordination, equilibrium, posture)

32
Q

Which Nervous System are the Upper Motor Neurons located in?

A

CNS

(entirely in the CNS)

33
Q

CVA, Cerebral Palsy, & MS effect which Motor Neurons, Upper or Lower?

A

Upper

(descending motor fibers)

34
Q

Which Nervous System are the Lower Motor Neurons mostly located in?

A

PNS

(Peripheral Nervous System)

35
Q

Spinal Cord Lesions

Poliomyelitis

& ALS

all effect which Motor Neurons, Upper or Lower?

(hint: PNS)

A

Lower Motor Neurons

36
Q

What happens with ALS?

(Lou Gehrigs disease)

A

deterioration of nerve fibers towards muscles, myelin sheath deteriorates

characterized by stiff muscle, muscles twitching, muscles decrease in size.

difficulty speaking, swallowing, and eventually breathing

(No cure)

37
Q

What system of the body is responsible for carrying input to the CNS via afferent fibers and delivering output from the CNS via efferent fibers?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

(PNS)

(a bundle of never fibers outside of the CNS)

38
Q

If an adults toes flare out during a Babinski reflex test, is that the correct reaction or is something wrong?

A

not correct reaction.

they most likely have a head injury

(only babies should react with a toe flare, adults toes should curl in)

39
Q

What do Migraines and Seizures have in common?

A

Aura

(this is something they see or hear prior to having oone of these occur, a warning sign)

40
Q

Which disease has a sign of tremors?

A

Parkinsons

41
Q

difficulty swallowing is _________

difficulty speaking is _________

A

dysphagia

dysphasia

42
Q

What can cause a headache

(what is a headache)

A

constriction of vessels

dehydration

stress

high BP

hypertension

anxiety

43
Q

What is the highest score on a Glasgow Coma Scale?

What is the lowest score possible on a Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

15

3 (you’re basically dead)

44
Q

What do you use to check when a patient is comatose?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

45
Q

What is the name of the balance test where you have a person stand with feet together and arms at the side, with their eyes closed and see if they sway

(church sway)

A

Romberg Test

46
Q

3 ways to check coordination and skilled movement?

A

finger-to-finger test

finger-to-nose test

heel-to-shin test

47
Q

If you were assessing for the Spinothalamic Tract, what would you use?

A

sharp/dull

light touch

cold/hot

48
Q

List all of the areas you would test for stretch or deep tendon reflexes

(6 places)

A
  1. Biceps reflex
  2. Triceps reflex
  3. Brachioradialis reflex
  4. patellar reflex
  5. plantar reflex
  6. achilles reflex
49
Q

When you are grading reflex, what do the numbers of the grading scale represent?

4+

3+

2+

1+

0

A

4+ = very brisk

3+ = Brisk

2+ = Average, normal

1+ = Diminished, low normal

0 = No response

50
Q

another name for the Babinski reflex?

A

Plantar reflex

(up the lateral side of sole of foot)

51
Q

How to perform a Bicep reflex assessment?

A

place thumb on bicep tendon

strike a blow on your thumb

52
Q

how to assess for tricep reflex?

A

have patient let their arm go limp as you suspend it by upper arm

strike the triceps tendon directly just above the elbow

53
Q

how do you perform the reflex test on the brachioradialis?

A

hold patients thumb to suspend forearm in relaxation

strike the forearm directly, about 2-3 cm above the radial styloid process

54
Q

how do you perform the achilles reflex test?

A

position the patient with knee flexed and the hip externally rotated

hold the foot in dorsiflexion, and strike the achilles tendon

55
Q

Seizures and Strokes are disorders of which nervous system?

A

CNS

56
Q

Name the two types of abnormal positionings that are associated with disorders in the CNS

A

Decorticate

Decerebrate

57
Q

Which abnormal positioning (decorticate, or decerebrate) is the worst, where the person is no longer having the defense mechanism response of trying to protect their core (internal organs)?

A

Decerebrate

58
Q

Name 3 disorders of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

(hint: jeff wescott had one of them)

A

Trigeminal Neuroglia (inflamed trigeminal nerve, facial pain)

Bell’s Palsy (face droops on one side)

Peripheral Neuropathy (diabetics)

Nursing 101 exam 2 (5 decks)

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