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Nursing 101 exam 2 > Heart and neck and Peripheral vascular assessment Exam2 > Flashcards

Heart and neck and Peripheral vascular assessment Exam2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What valve closing sound can you hear where? S1 and S2

A

S1: loudest at Apex, closure of AV valve S2: loudest at Base, closure of semilunar valve

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2
Q

The quantity of blood forced out of the left ventricle with each contraction is called the ______ ______

A

Stroke Volume (SV)

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3
Q

The amount of blood pumped per minute by the heart is the _______ ______

A

Cardiac Output (CO) averages from 3.5 L/min to 8.0 L/min in a healthy adult

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4
Q

SV x HR =

A

CO (cardiac output)

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5
Q

97% of the oxygen in the body is carried by red blood cells as part of hemoglobin in the form of _____________

A

oxyhemoglobin

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide is also carried by hemoglobin easily in the form of _________________

A

carboxyhemoglobin

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7
Q

Where is the SA Node located?

A

upper right atrium just below the opening of superior vena cava

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8
Q

which node initiates transmission of electrical impulses causing contraction of the heart at regular intervals?

A

SA Node

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9
Q

Which node is referred to as the pacemaker?

A

SA Node

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10
Q

When the electrical impulses reach the AV node, (located at the bottom of the right atrium),it enters a group of fibers called what?

A

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

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11
Q

What does “APE To Man” represent, name the areas

A

Auscultatory Areas of heart in order. Aortic area Pulmonic area Erbs point Tricuspid area Mitral area

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12
Q

What does ventricular hypertrophy mean?

A

lift at the ventricles

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13
Q

What is S3? (irregularity)

A

murmur

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14
Q

What is Lisinopril used to treat, and what class of drug is it in? (discussed in class) people prescribed this don’t like to take it because it has cough as a side effect

A

treats hypertention (high blood pressure) ACE

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15
Q

When someone has peripheral edema (pitting), what is causing this problem?

A

problem with the pump

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16
Q

When someone has non-pitting edema, what is causing the problem?

A

kidney problem (diuretic)

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17
Q

What is the difference concerning pain between MI (myocardial infarction) and Angina?

A

similar to MI but the chest pain will go away. (comes and goes)

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18
Q

Which heart disease is commonly associated with Angina?

A

CAD (coronary artery disease)

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19
Q

When tissue doesnt get the oxygen it needs, what is the medical term for this?

A

ischemia

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20
Q

Are dysrhythmia and arrhythmia the same thing?

A

yes

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21
Q

Dysrhythmias/arrhythmias cause disturbances of heart ____, heart ______, or both

A

heart rate heart rhythm

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22
Q

Angina and MI can result from __________ ________

A

myocardial ischemia

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23
Q

Which cholesterol is the “bad” and which kind is the “good”?

A

LDL= bad HDL= good

24
Q

Angina is a precursor for __________ __________

A

myocardial infarction (MI)

25
Q

Why does the tissue never come back with Myocardial Infarctions?

A

necrosis of myocardium

26
Q

MI (heart attack) is one type of acute coronary syndrome characterized by the death of heart tissue due to lack of ______

A

oxygen

27
Q

3 causes of angina

A

CAD, emotion, exertion

28
Q

What is included in the peripheral vascular system?

A

vessels for transporting blood, fluid, or lymph (Arteries, veins, lymph system)

29
Q

When someone has……

  • decreased CO
  • Low BP
  • Pulmonary congestion
  • Dyspnea
  • Orthopnea
  • Extremity edema
  • JVD (jugular vein distention

what could all of these symtpms mean?

A

Heart Failure

30
Q

What is a pressure wave in an artery?

A

a pulse

31
Q

What could be a cause of JVD (jugular vein distention)?

A

venous congestion

32
Q

fatique can be associate with _________ Cardiac ouput

A

decreased CO

33
Q

If the kidneys are going to compensate for a decrease in CO (cardiac output) what will they be retaining? what will be a side effect of this

A

sodium and water

decreased urine output

34
Q
  • peripheral edema
  • jugular vein distention
  • acsites hepatomegaly
  • fatigue
  • anorexia/nausea

What are all of the symptoms pointing to, Right-sided Heart failure or Left-sided Heart failure?

A

Right-sided Heart Failure

35
Q
A
36
Q
  • Tachycardia
  • Dyspnea cough
  • crackles in the lungs
  • confusion
  • decreased cerebral perfusion
  • shortness of breath
  • swollen feet
  • can’t think
  • can’t lie down

What would all of these signs/symptoms be pointing to, Right-sided Heart Failure or Left-sided heart failure?

A

left-sided heart failure

37
Q

What do skeletel muscles have to do with Venous flow?

A

they contract and milk the blood proximally back toward the heart

38
Q

Are veins more superficial or less superficial than arteries?

A

more superficial

39
Q

What two things propel the lymphatic system?

A

contraction of skeletal muscle

pressure changes with breathing

40
Q

What are the two main trunks (ducts) of the Lymphatic system?

A

Right Lymphatic duct

Thoracic duct

41
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

retrieves escess fluid from tissue spaces (uses valves)

42
Q

List Three functions of the Lymphatic System

A
  • Conserve fluid and plasma proteins
  • major part of immune system
  • absorb lipids from intestinal tract
43
Q

Define claudication

(is it subjective or objective?)

A

pain and cramping in the lower leg

subjective data

44
Q

give the 4 different discriptive words defining a force/strength characteristic of a pulse

A
  • strong
  • weak
  • thready
  • bounding
45
Q

What do each of these ratings signify when documenting force/strength of a pulse?

0 =

1+ =

2+ =

3+ =

4+ =

A

0 = no pulse

1+ = barely

2+ = normal

3+ = increased

4+ = bounding

46
Q

When assessing peripheral vascular system, how do you perform the assessment for checking for edema?

A

firmly depress skin for 5 seconds and release

47
Q

pitting edema scale.

what do they each mean…

1+

2+

3+

4+

A

1+ = mild, slight indentation

2+ = Moderate pitting, indent subsides rapidly

3+ = deep pitting, indentation remains for short time

4+ = Very deep pitting, indentation lasts long time, leg is very swollen

48
Q

List some risk factors for venous disease

A
  • prolonged standing, sitting, bedrest
  • Hypercoagualable states
  • Vein wall trauma
  • Obesity and later months of pregnancy
  • history of heart failure
49
Q

List some risk factors for arterial disease

A
  • Older adults
  • inherited predisposition
  • Hypertension
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Incresed lipid levels
  • Obesity
  • Vascular disease
50
Q

compare and contrast arterial insufficiency and venous insufficiency

A
51
Q

How do you assess for DVT

(deep vein thrombosis)

A

measure calf

do ultrasound

52
Q

What type of aphasia would someone with CVA most likely have?

A

expressive aphasia

53
Q

For peripheral vascular disease

  • claudication
  • relief with rest
  • Pale,cyanosis, shiny, muscle atrophy
  • ischemic ulcer with NO Bleeding

which are we talking about, arterial or venous?

A

arterial

54
Q

for peripheral vascular disease

claudication and

  • pain with prolonged standing and sitting
  • relief with walking
  • brown discoloration
  • Stasis ulcer drainage/ BLOOD

what are these signs of, aterial or venous?

A

Venous

55
Q

What is the purpose of the buncle of His?

A

slow down the impulse so the ventricles can fill properly

56
Q

What do the Purkinje fibers do?

A

spread the contraction across the heart

Nursing 101 exam 2 (5 decks)

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