Neurological disorders: Brain Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What is CVA?

A

Cerebral vascular Accident or stroke

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2
Q

What are some causes of stroke?

A

One. A non-traumatic brain injury resulting from a temporary or permanent occlusion of cerebral blood vessels
Two. A rupture (aneurysm) it can have similar result
Three. Stroke before, during or shortly after birth is typically defined as cerebral palsy

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3
Q

What is the typical cause of cerebral palsy?

A

Cerebral palsy is a stroke before, during or shortly after birth

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4
Q

Etiology of stroke

A

The brain tissue supplied by the occluded vessels does not receive oxygen and dies

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5
Q

Name two types of cerebral cortical strokes:

A

Ischemic: comprise of blood flow
hemorrhagic: bleeding in the brain or dural space around the brain

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6
Q

Brainstem stroke affects:

A

Cranial nerves, bulbar nuclei, tracts and the Dula

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7
Q

What is locked-in syndrome?

A

It’s a stroke in the pond teen area; severe physical disability

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8
Q

Was the percentage of people who generally survive a stroke?

A

80%

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9
Q

What factors determine recovery from stroke?

A

Depends on the individual and degree of brain damage

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10
Q

When is recovery most significant for stroke?

A

In the first six months

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11
Q

Name six cognitive deficits resulting from stroke

A
Various levels of consciousness
memory loss
short attention span
disorientation
decreased judgment press enter 
difficulty learning new tasks
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12
Q

What visual deficits occur after stroke?

A
Decreased visual field
double vision
decreased acuity
homonymous hemianopsia
perceptual deficits
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13
Q

Name six results of left stroke

A
Right hemiplegia
aphasia
poor motor planning
for math
slow at tasks
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14
Q

Name six results from stroke on the right side of the brain

A
Left hemiplegia
visual field cuts
perceptual problems
left neglect, denial
impulsivity
emotional lability
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15
Q

Name three repositioning applications to be used after stroke

A

Postural support to reduce lean to affected side
support affected arm
comfort

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16
Q

Stroke: name four mobility applications

A

Quad cane
Walker
manual wheelchair with one arm drive or one hand and 1 foot propulsion
power wheelchair

17
Q

What ADL equipment can help stroke survivor?

A

Reacher
shower chair
raised toilet seat

18
Q

What computer equipment can be used for stroke survivor?

A

One-handed access
smaller keyboard
standard mouse

19
Q

What the EADLs as can be helpful for stroke survivor?

A

Cordless phone and remote control on half tray on wheelchair

large button universal remote

20
Q

What home accommodations could be made to assist a stroke survivor?

A

Ramp at home entrance

will wheelchair folds and goes into trunk

21
Q

What is the definition of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

A

Damage to brain due to sudden injury

22
Q

What are some causes of traumatic brain injury?

A

Near drowning attempted hanging difficult for alcohol abuse shaken baby syndrome

23
Q

When does the largest recovery rate occurred after brain injury?

A

Within the first two years

24
Q

Define amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Degeneration or complete loss of motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord

25
What are the two types of ALS and what are their etiology?
Sporadic ALS which has an unknown etiology | familiar ALS which is hereditary - 5 to 10% of cases
26
Define muscular dystrophy ((MD)
is a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion