Neurological Disorders Flashcards
TB meningitis CSF
CSF: lymphocytic pleocytosis, decreased glucose,
increased protein
Bacterial Meningitis would commonly present with:
TRIAD:
fever, headache, nuchal rigidity
Guillain-Barré syndrome is managed with …
Spontaneous recovery may occur,
Plasma- pheresis., IVIG
What is Guillain-Barré syndrome ?
> It is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy
Seen in young-middle aged population
It is preceded by URTI or GI infection (C. jejuni),
Epidural Hematoma would present with:
Lucid interval after brief consciousness ff by increasing obtundation, extreme headache, contalateral hemiparesis
This is the most fatal form of extrapulmonary TB
TB Meningitis
Management of Bacterial Meningitis?
dexamethasone + antibiotics
This infection predominantly
involves the subarachnoid space (meninges)
ACUTE MENINGITIS
TB Meningitis complications would present with:
hydrocephalus, cerebral
infarctions
Cranial CT of TB Meningitis would present with?
Triad
- Basal enhancement
- Communicating hydrocephalus
- Multiple vascular
infarcts
TBM Cranial CT scan Triad
Management of TB Meningitis would include:
2 HRZE + 10 HR + corticosteroids
Most common form of suppurative CNS infection
Bacterial Meningitis
SUBDURAL HEMATOMA would present with:
o Acute - from high speed trauma, coma
from impact
o Subacute - days of lethargy then
deterioration
o Chronic - minor trauma, gradual
deterioration
ACUTE MENINGITIS CSF would present with
Protein: >50 viral, bacterial, fungal 400
Glucose<40% of serum-bacterial
TB: Lymphocytic CSF
What is Myasthenia Gravis
> Autoantibodies vs Acetylcholine receptor
Associated with thymic hyperplasia and Thymoma
Seen more often in F>M
PARKINSON’S DISEASE
loss of nerve cells in
pigmented substancia nigra, locus ceruleus in
MB, globus pallidus, putamen
Guillain-Barré syndrome is diagnosed with
high CSF protein levels
This is seen in middle age group people and known to present with rapid progression of weakness.
This is also knwon to be the most common motor system disease with a combination of
UMN and LMN presentation.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
This is the focal infection with capsule
Abcess
Etiology of Bacterial Meningitis may be from:
Hematogenous, parameningeal infection
(sinusitis, mastoiditis, otitis media, brain
abscess), trauma, surgery
Most common pathogens of Bacterial Meningitis
> S. pneumoniae
N. meningitides
H. Flu
Others: L. monocytogenes (Atypical), Staph, Gram(-)bacilli
Multiple Sclerosis presents with
Optic neuritis,vertigo,paresthesias, sensory loss, pain, incoordination, bladder dysfxn, nystagmus, internuclear ophthalmoplegia bilateral
Guillain-Barré syndrome presents with …
Progressive ascending weakness,
areflexia
Treatment of ALS
Riluzole
Alzheimer’s Disease
Neuritic plaques with Amyloid neurofibrillary
tangles
This is the focal infection without capsule
Cerebritis
Bacterial Meningitis present in immunocompromised patients would have the following pathogens:
S. pneumoniae, L.
monocytogenes, H. flu
Management of Myasthenia Gravis
Cholinestrase Inhibitors Steroids, Plasmapheresis, Thymectomy,
IVIG
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
> A demylenating disease with multiple areas of neurological deficits
Peaks on the 20th-24th year of life
Mostly seen in women
Unknown etiology (probably auto immune)
Myasthenia Gravis Presentation
Weak with activity, fatigue, ocular
symptoms
ACUTE MENINGITIS presents with
Headache, fever, stiff neck, positive Kernigs and
Brudzinskis, if viral, minimal neuro deficit
Multiple Sclerosis is managed with..
Acute- IV or oral steroids
Bacterial Meningitis involved with trauma or neurosurgery would have the following pathogens:
Staph, gram (-) bacilli, S.
pneumoniae
Viral Meningitis Diagnostics would include the following results:
upon lumbar tap
DX: Aseptic CSF, lymphocytic, normal Glucose
Viral Meningitis would involve:
infection involves brain
tissue; focal signs, acute febrile illness, seizures, coma, headache fever nuchal rigidity
