Neurological Deficits CVA Flashcards
global aphasia
loss of all language skills (receptive and expressive)
involves MCA of dominant hemisphere
receptive aphasia
impairment of comprehension of language
reading/writing comprehension commonly impaired
Wernicke’s aphasia
results from L hemisphere lesion
responses fluent but not appropriate
alexia
inability to read
dyslexia
difficulty reading/breaking down words into letters
expressive aphasia
impairment of speech production/agrammatism
can often understand written instructions/pictures
Broca’s aphasia
results from L hemisphere lesion
impairment of speech production/agrammatism
dysarthria
articulation disorder in absence of aphasia (often associated with swallowing issues)
agraphia
inability to write intelligible words or sentences
anomia
inability to recall names of people or objects
dysgraphia
inability to write/breakdown words into letters
agrammatism
inability to arrange words sequentially
nystagmus
involuntary jerky eye movements either lat/med or sup/inf at extreme of visual field
visual field disorders
visual pathways beyond the eye itself are damaged
results in visual field cuts
difficulty reading/scanning
hemianopsia
visual field disorder
loss of visual field opposite the side of lesion
visual perceptual disorders
visual anatomical structures intact
often occur with R hemisphere dysfunction
visual agnosia
visual perceptual disorder
difficulty identifying/recognizing familiar objects
propsopagnosia
visual perceptual disorder
difficulty identifying/recognizing familiar faces
metamorphopsia
visual perceptual disorder
objects appear larger, heavier, or lighter
visual-spatial-perceptual disorders
difficulty accurately interpreting spatial relationship between body and objects in the environment
right/left discrimination dysfunction
visual-spatial-perceptual disorder
cannot distinguish right from left
figure-ground discrimination
visual-spatial-perceptual disorder
cannot distinguish objects in the foreground from the background
form-constancy discrimination
visual-spatial-perceptual disorder
inability to recognize subtle variations or changes in form
position-in-space discrimination
visual-spatial-perceptual disorder
cannot use concepts of up/down or in/out
topographical disorientation
visual-spatial-perceptual disorder
cannot comprehend relationships of one location to another (constantly gets lost)
stereopsis
visual-spatial-perceptual disorder
inability to determine if objects are near or far (depth perception)
dysmetria
visual-spatial-perceptual disorder
inability to judge distance and range of movement (overshooting/undershooting)
*typical of cerebellar lesions
astereognosis
tactile perceptual disorder
inability to identify objects by touch alone
two point discrimination
tactile perceptual disorder
inability to determine whether one has been touched by one or two points
body schema
awareness of spatial characteristics of one’s body in space
unilateral neglect
body-schema perceptual disorder
inability to integrate and use perceptions from one side of the body or environment
visual field intact
(most often in R hemi CVA)
anosognosia
body-schema perceptual disorder
extensive neglect syndrome with failure to recognize one’s paralyzed limb as their own
(accompanied by dissociation)
apraxia
motor-perceptual disorder
difficulty with motor planning of tasks
typical of R hemisphere lesions
ideational apraxia
motor-perceptual disorder
inability to cognitively understand motor demands of task involving multiple steps
(no “idea” shirt is a clothing item/what to do with it)
ideomotor apraxia
motor-perceptual disorder
understands motor demands of tasks but cannot access the motor plan or pathway to complete the task due to neurological damage
ataxia
motor deficit
uncoordinated patterns of movement that affect gait, posture, and UE control
rigidity
motor control deficit
a form of hypertonicity that is characterized by increased resistance to passive movement
both flexors and extensors hypertonic
lead pipe rigidity
motor control deficit
uniform and continuous resistance in all planes
cogwheel rigidity
motor control deficit
pattern of release/resistance in quick, jerky movements
can feel in all planes
dysdiadochokinesia
motor deficit
impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements
common in cerebellar lesions
dyssynergia
motor deficit
movements are broken up/choppy rather than smooth
common in cerebellar lesions
hemiballismus
motor deficit
violent thrashing movements of one extremity
hemiparasthesia
motor deficit
loss of sensation on one side of the body
poor kinesthetic awareness
motor deficit
inability to identify one’s limb as it moves through space
proprioceptive impairments
inability to identify one’s limb/trunk position in space (not moving) with visual occulsion
inability to determine appropriate amount of pressure for task
aphagia
inability to swallow (dysphagia)
