Neurological conditions Flashcards
what are the key features of euro-opthalmic disease?
eye movement defects - double vision
Visual defects - visual acuity/field loss
if neurological problem is suspected from history what is done?
Full medical and neurological examination
Blood tests
Imaging - MRI scanning
What nerves can be damaged in Ocular Motility Defects
CN III
CN IV
CNVI
Which muscle is affected in CN VI palsy?
Lateral rectus muscle
What are some causes of VN VI palsy?
Microvascular
Raised Intracranial pressure
Tumour
Congenital
what might me visible on ophthalmoscopy in CN VI palsy
papilloedema- swelling of the optic disc
What muscle can be affected in CN IV pathology?
Superior oblique
what are some clinical features of bilateral CN IV damage?
torsion
chin depressed
What is a common cause of bilateral CN IV damage?
blunt head trauma
What muscles can be affected in CN III palsy?
Medial rectus muscle Inferior rectus Superior rectus Inferior oblique Sphincter pupillae Levator palpebrae superioris
What is the ocular position in CN III palsy?
eye down and out
what does a painful CN III palsy indicate?
aneurysm
What are some causes of Inter-nuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Multiple sclerosis
Vascular
Lots of small print
What is affected in Inter-nuclear Ophthalmoplegia
medial longitudinal fasciculus
What symptoms are commonly seen in optic neuritis?
Progressive visual loss (unilateral) Pain behind eye, especially on movement Colour desaturation Central scotoma Gradual recovery over weeks - months
