Neurological Conditions

Question 1

neurological condition is

Answer 1

any disorder to part of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Question 2

neurological conditions

Answer 2

stroke/ CVA
TBI

Question 3

paedriatric neurological conditions

Answer 3

TBI - any trauma that affects neurological and cognitive development
CP - occurs in pregnancy (brain doesn’t grow properly due to infection) labour (lack of oxygen causing brain damage) or early childhood ( caused by head injuries, infection such as meningitis)

Question 4

meningitis

Answer 4

caused by meningococcal bacteria which inflames the meninges. Can cause cognitive and physical disabilities

Question 5

meningitis S&S

Answer 5

fever
chills
headache
back and abdominal pain
N&V
stiff neck due to meningeal irritation
photophobia
confusion (adults)
diplopia (double vision)
petechial rash
seizures
increased intracranial pressure (IICP) due to decreased LOC

Question 6

encephalitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the brain or spinal cord parenchyma (functional tissue of an organ)
caused mainly by virus and sometimes bacteria or fungi

Question 7

viral encephalitis

Answer 7

causes inflammatory response in cerebral cortex, white matter and meninges
degeneration of neurons
localised necrotising haemorrhage
cerebral oedema
degeneration of nerve cell bodies

Question 8

viral encephalitis S&S

Answer 8

varies depending on brain damage
fever
headache
seizures
stiff neck
altered LOC
disorientation

Question 9

arboviral encephalitis

Answer 9

mosquito or tick borne agents
affects adults mainly
causing degeneration of nerve cells
oedema and necrosis
IICP

Question 10

arboviral encephalitis S&S

Answer 10

fever
malaise
sore throat
N&V
tremors
paralysis of extremeties
seizures
altered LOC

Question 11

adolescent neurological conditions

Answer 11

epilepsy

Question 12

epilepsy

Answer 12

chronic disorder of abnormal, excessive and self terminating electrical discharge form neurons

Question 13

pathophysiology of epilepsy

Answer 13

when brain is active - neural activity is unsynchronised and synchronised when at rest
during seizures - neurons emit a rhythmic and repetitive hyper-synchronous discharge

unprovoked seizures - have no known cause
provoked seizures - hypoglycaemia, hypoxia, toxaemia during pregnancy, withdrawal from alcohol,

Question 14

during epileptic seizures

Answer 14

the brains metabolic need increases exponentially
increased demand for ATP, glucose, cerebral blood flow