Complications in Pregnancy and Child Birth

Question 1

common infection during pregnancy

Answer 1

UTI - including cystitis (infection of the bladder), pyelonephritis (infection of the kidneys) and asymptomatic bacteriuria

Question 2

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 2

pregnancy is a diabetogenic state in order to provide adequate glucose for the foetus
similar to T2DM - placental hormones (GH, cortisol, prolactin and HPL) cause insulin resistance
24-28 weeks of gestation, some woman cannot produce enough insulin

Question 3

GDM at risk are

Answer 3

high BMI
GDM in previous pregnancy
indian, asian, pacific and maori ethnicity

Question 4

GDM management

Answer 4

monitor BSL
healthy diet and exercise
metformin and insulin

Question 5

potential risk for uncontrolled GDM

Answer 5

UTI
pre-eclampsia / HTN
pre-term labour
obstructed labour
caesarian section
developing high blood pressure
birth trauma
recurrent GDM
developing T2DM
developing CVDs

Question 6

antepartum haemorrhage

Answer 6

vaginal bleeding from any cause at beyond 20 weeks gestation, during pregnancy and labour

Question 7

causes of antepartum haemorrhage

Answer 7

placenta previa (bleeding from an abnormally located placenta)

Question 8

pre-eclampsia

Answer 8

is a gestational hypertension after 20 weeks gestation with systemic features (gestational HTN - without systemic features)

placenta is the root cause - caused by renal, haematological, liver, neurological, pulmonary oedema, fetal growth and placental abruption

Question 9

S&S of preeclampsia

Answer 9

proteinuria
high BP
oedema
severe headache
visual disturbances
oliguria
epigastric pain (upper abdomen pain)
rapid weight gain
tremors

Question 10

risk factors of preeclampsia

Answer 10

hx of preeclampsia in previous pregnancies
genetics
first pregnancy
obesity
medical conditions - chronic HTN, renal disease, diabetes and autoimmune diseases
young age - 18-35 yrs

Question 11

fetal complications

Answer 11

25% intra-uterine growth restriction
30% premature