Neurological Concepts Flashcards
Parts of the Nervous System
CNS (brain and spinal cord)
PNS (Spinal and cranial nerves)
Neuroscientific Principles
Interconnectivity
centrality of CNS
functional networking
laterality
topographical representation
neutrality and individuality
neuroplasticity
interconnectivity
brain regions are interconnected making it possible for constant integration of information because of specialized neural connections
centrality of CNS
incoming/outgoing information
analyzing and synthesizing information
laterality organization
left brain dominant for language
right brain dominant for emotions, visual spatial tasks, musical skills
contralateral sensorimotor control
functional networking
brain has afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) paths for processing different types of info/function
topographical organization
structures organized based on functions
homunculus
discrete representation of body surfaces and muscles in brain
neuroplasticity
ability to reorganize brain tissue functions
aids recovery of lost functions
brains neutrality
brain power is independent of gender, color, culture, size, shape, weight
why do we need to study neuroscience in field of SLP/A?
speak language and better communicate with neurologists
choose appropriate testing instruments
predict problems patients are likely to have
documenting change/efficacy of treatment
knowledge of neuroplasticity helping with effective treatment
neuroanatomy
study of nervous systems structure
neurophysiology
study of nervous systems function
neuropathology
study of nervous system diseases
neurosurgery
removal or repair of structures impairing normal nervous system function
neuroradiology
use of radiation therapy for nervous system tumors
neuroembryology
normal and pathological development of nervous system
ventral
farther from backbone
dorsal
closer to backbone
rostral
closer to head
caudal
closer to tail
ipsilateral
same side
right hand and right foot
contralateral
opposite sides
right hand and left foot
right brain and left body
coronal plane
splits body anterior/posteriorly
sagittal plane
split body into left and right
midsagittal plane
splits directly at midline
transverse/horizontal plane
splits into top and bottom
transverse for brainstem with be slightly diagonal to horizontal plane
CNS
Brain and spinal cord
PNS
somatic nervous sytem: nerves
autonomic nervous system: parasympathetic/sympathetic
brain
cerebral cortex (lobes), thalamus, basal ganglia, brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla), cerebellum
autonomic nervous system
involuntary part
life-sustaining activities
sympathetic
fight to flight
respond to danger or stress
spends energy
parasympathetic
restore resting state of body
conserve energy
