Neurological Bases of Behavior Nervous system

Question 1

is a system of nerves involved in thought processes, heartbeat, visual motor coordination, and so on

Answer 1

The Nervous System

Question 2

The nervous system consists of the :

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brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body

Question 3

form the control center known as the central nervous system (CNS)

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Brain and spinal cord

Question 4

information is evaluated, and decisions made

Answer 4

Central Nervous System

Question 5

The sensory nerves and sense organs of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) monitor

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conditions inside and outside of the body and send this information to the CNS

Question 6

These are specialized cells of the nervous system that conduct impulses

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Neurons

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These are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.

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Neurons

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These are branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons and allow the transmission of messages to the cell body.

Answer 8

Dendrites

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Each neuron has a cell body with a nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria and other components.

Answer 9

Cell body

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is a tube-like structure that carries electrical impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals that pass the impulse to another neuron.

Answer 10

Axon

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the chemical junction between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.

Answer 11

Synapse

Question 12

remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system; nourish and insulate neurons

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Glial cells

Question 13

a fatty substance that encases and insulates axons, facilitating transmission of neural impulses

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Myelin

Question 14

fatty substance that encases and insulates axons, facilitating transmission of neural impulses

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Myelin

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Neurons that are carrying signals towards the brain are called

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Afferent neurons

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are those that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles, glands, and organs to initiate movement

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Efferent neurons

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Sensory neurons are triggered by

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physical and chemical stimulation from the environment

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are used to initiate movement, both voluntary and involuntary.

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Motor neurons

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are the connections between sensory and motor neurons. They help the body to react to external stimuli.

Answer 19

Interneurons

Question 20

A junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron.

Answer 20

Synapses

Question 21

action potential affects other neurons through a gap present between two neurons known as the synapse

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Chemical Synapse

Question 22

When two neurons are connected by a gap junction, it results in

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An electrical synapse

Question 23

The action potential is carried along the axon to a
postsynaptic ending that initiates the release of chemical
messengers known as

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Neurotransmitters

Question 24

When two neurons are connected by a gap junction, it results in
an electrical synapse. These gaps include ion channels that help
in the direct transmission of a positive electrical signal. These are
much faster than

Answer 24

Chemical synapses

Question 25

are chemical messengers in the body

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Neurotransmitters

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Neurotransmitters job

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Their job is to transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells.

Question 27

Neurotransmitters transmit signals, these signals help regulate bodily functions ranging from

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heart rate to appetite

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The brain needs neurotransmitters to regulate many necessary functions, including:

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heart rate • breathing • sleep cycles • digestion • mood • concentration • appetite • muscle movement

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Excitatory neurotransmitters

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encourage a target cell to take action

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Inhibitory neurotransmitters

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decrease the chances of the target cell taking action.

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Modulatory neurotransmitters can

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can send messages to many neurons at the same time

Question 32

•is an excitatory neurotransmitter with a wide range of roles. •It triggers muscle contractions, stimulates saliva and sweat production, and controls the heartbeat

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Acetylcholine

Question 33

•is a type of monoamine neurotransmitter. •It’s made in your brain and acts as a chemical messenger, communicating messages between nerve cells in your brain and your brain and the rest of your body.

Answer 33

Dopamine

Question 34

inhibit pain signals and create a feeling of pleasure. They have links to laughter, love, sex, and appetizing food

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Endorphins

Question 35

is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone, but it acts mainly as a hormone

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Epinephrine

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also known as adrenaline, plays an important role in your body's fight-or-flight response. It's also used as a medication to treat many life-threatening conditions

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Epinephrine

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• is the central nervous system’s main inhibitor • is a mood regulator,

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 38

experts have linked low levels of GABA with

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anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia

Question 39

sends signals between your nerve cells. It may help regulate many body functions, including mood, bowel movements, and sleep, among others.

Answer 39

Serotonin

Question 40

Norepinephrine It is a neurotransmitter of the brain that plays an essential role in the

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regulation of arousal, attention, cognitive function, and stress reactions