Neurological Flashcards
What is intracranial regulation?
mechanisms that facilitate or impair neurologic function
Brain requires _______ ?
oxygenation
What systems are impacted by neurologic control?
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
What are the structural divisions of the nervous system?
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
What is the largest part of the brain?
cerebrum
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
Frontal lobe
Where is the Broca’s lobe located and what does it do?
Located in left frontal lobe and is involved in formulation of words
What does the frontal lobe control?
- intellectual function
- awareness of self
- personality
- autonomic responses related to emotion
What does the parietal lobe receive?
sensory input such as position, touch, shape, and texture of objects
Where is the primary auditory cortex?
temporal lobe
Where is the Wernicke’s area located and what is it responsible for?
located in left temporal lobe and is responsible for comprehension of spoken and written language
What does the temporal lobe interpret?
auditory, visual, and somatic sensory inputs that are stored in thought and memory
Where is the primary visual cortex located and what does it do?
located in the occipital lobe and receives and interprets visual information
What is the brainstem made of up?
midbrain, pons, and medullar oblongata
What does the midbrain do?
relay stimuli concerning muscle movement to other brain structures
What does the pons do?
relays impulses to brain centers and lower spinal nerves
What does the medulla oblongata contain and what does it do?
contains reflex centers for controlling involuntary movements functions such as breathing, sneezing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, and vasoconstriction
How many of the cranial nerves originate from brainstem?
10
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
- coordinating movement
- equilibrium
- muscle tone
- proprioception
How many cervical spinal nerves are there and what do they control?
8; controls diaphragm, chest wall muscles, arms, and shoulders
How many thoracic spinal nerves are there and what do they control?
12; controls upper body and gastrointestinal function
How many lumbar and sacral spinal nerves are there and what do they control?
5; controls lower body and bowel/bladder
What is the sensory function of the olfactory nerve (I)
sensory: nose
What is the sensory function of the optic nerve (II)
sensory: eye
What is the motor function of the oculomotor nerve (III)
motor: all eye muscles except those supplied by trochlear and abducens cranial nerves
What is the motor function of the trochlear nerve (IV)
motor: superior oblique muscle
What is the sensory and motor function of the trigeminal nerve (V)
sensory: face, sinuses, teeth, etc.
motor: muscles of mastication
What is the motor function of the abducens nerve (VI)
motor: external rectus muscle
What is the motor function of the facial nerve (VII)
motor: muscles of the face
What is the sensory function of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
sensory: inner ear
What is the sensory and motor function of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
sensory: posterior part of tongue, tonsil, and pharynx
motor: pharyngeal musculature
What is the sensory and motor function of the vague nerve (X)
sensory: heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and external ear
motor: heart, lungs, bronchi, and gastrointestinal tract
What is the motor function of the accessory nerve (XI)
motor: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
What is the motor function of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)
motor: muscles of the tongue
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
body’s internal environment in conjunction with endocrine system
What is activated during stress (fight-or-flight response)?
sympathetic nervous system
What controls vegetable functions (breed and feed) and is associated with conserving energy?
parasympathetic nervous system
What is clonus?
repeated reflex muscular movements
What is decorticate ?
abnormal flexion
What is decerebrate?
abnormal extension
