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Nursing School > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the mechanisms of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Mechanisms that facilitate and impair mobility

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2
Q

What do the musculoskeletal system oxygenate?

A

oxygenate of blood to tissues

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3
Q

Intracranial is regulated by?

A

brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves

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4
Q

Pain from motion can limit ________

A

movement

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5
Q

What damages joint?

A

excessive weight gain

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6
Q

What causes constipation?

A

limited mobility

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7
Q

What are the synovial joints?

A

Hinge joint, Ball and socket, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, and Gliding

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8
Q

What are the movements of a hinge joint?

A

flexion and extension

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9
Q

What are examples of a hinge joint?

A

elbow joint, interphalangeal joints, and knee joint

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10
Q

What are the movements of a ball and socket joint?

A

Flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction

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11
Q

What are examples of ball and socket?

A

Shoulder and hip

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12
Q

What are the movements of a pivot joint?

A

rotation

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13
Q

What are examples of pivot joints?

A

Atlas-axis and proximal radioulnar joint

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14
Q

What are the movements of a condyloid joint?

A

Flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction

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15
Q

What are examples of a condyloid joint?

A

wrist joint (between radial and carpals)

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16
Q

What are the movements of a saddle joint?

A

flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction
thumb-finger opposition

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17
Q

What are examples of a saddle joint?

A

carpometacarpal joint of thumb

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18
Q

Gliding joint

A

one surface moves over another surface

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19
Q

What are examples of a gliding joint?

A

between tarsal bones, sacroiliac joint, between articular processes of vertebrae, between carpal bones

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20
Q

What are you inspecting for on a patient for the musculoskeletal system?

A

symmetry, muscle mass, joints, gait and posture, and ease of movement

21
Q

What are you palpating for on a patient for the musculoskeletal system?

A

vertebrae and spinous processes, muscle mass, and joints for temperature, tissue integrity, and shape

22
Q

What is the equipment used for ROM?

A

goniometer

23
Q

Grade 0 for muscle strength

A

No evidence of muscle contraction upon palpation; no movement

24
Q

Grade 1 for muscle strength

A

Flicker of muscle contraction is evident but no motion occurs at the joint; no movement

25
Q

Grade 2 for muscle strength

A

Client moves body part through a full ROM in a gravity-eliminated plane; free movement

26
Q

Grade 3 for muscle strength

A

client moves body part through full ROM against gravity with no added resistance; free movement

27
Q

Grade 4 for muscle strength

A

client moves body part against gravity with moderate resistance; resisted movement

28
Q

Grade 5 for muscle strength

A

client able to move body part against gravity and with maximum resistance; resisted movement

29
Q

What are some unexpected findings found in musculoskeletal system?

A
  • Asymmetry of extremity length or muscle mass
  • Inflammation, swelling, redness
  • Pain or tenderness with palpation or movement
  • flaccidity, rigidity, or spasticity of muscles
  • limited range of motion
  • joint deformity or crepitation
30
Q

What are fractures?

A

partial or complete break in continuity of a bone

31
Q

If the skin is intact then what kind of fracture is it?

A

closed fracture

32
Q

If the skin is broken then what kind of fracture is it?

A

open fracture

33
Q

What are deformity or loss of function caused by in bone fractures?

A

tissue shortening around bone and localized edema

34
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

loss of bone density and decreased bone strength

35
Q

What are the factors of osteoporosis?

A
  • aging
  • decline of estrogen and relationship to calcium deficit
  • lack of exercise
36
Q

What are signs of osteoporosis?

A
  • loss of height
  • have spontaneous fracture from brittle bones
  • develops kyphosis
37
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

convex curvature of thoracic spine (humpback)

38
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

degenerative change in articular cartilage

39
Q

What are symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

joint edema and aching pain

40
Q

What does osteoarthritis affect?

A
  • affects weight-bearing joints (vertebrae, hips, knees, and ankles); also hands and fingers
  • affects joint with repetitive movement
41
Q

Where is Heberden’s nodes located?

A

distal interphalangeal joints

42
Q

Where are Bouchard’s nodes located?

A

peripheral interphalangeal joints

43
Q

What is gout?

A

a hereditary disorder with increase in serum uric acid due to increased production, or decreased excretion of uric acid and urate salts

44
Q

What is the cause of gout?

A

lack of an enzyme needed to completely metabolize purines for renal excretion

45
Q

What are symptoms of gout?

A
  • erythema and edema of joints
  • tophi
  • kidney stones
46
Q

What is tophi?

A

round, pea-like deposits of uric acid in ear cartilage, or large, irregularly shaped deposits in subcutaneous tissue or other joints

47
Q

What does the kidney stones come from in gout?

A

uric acid crystals

48
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

S-shaped deformity of vertebrae

49
Q

What are causes of scoliosis?

A
  • congenital malformations of spine
  • neuromuscular diseases
  • traumatic injury
  • unequal leg length

Nursing School (3 decks)

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