Neurological Flashcards
1
Q
GCS of less than 8
A
Intubate!
2
Q
Tmnt for brain injury
A
- Hypertonic solution
- Mannitol
- IV fluids
- Blood products
- Reverse anticoags
Primary goal is to prevent secondary damage
3
Q
Where is this brain bleed located?
- Etiology: Shearing of blood vessels & rupture of bridging veins
- Cresent or ‘banana’ shape; conforms to the contours of the brain.
- Hematoma develops over time
- Severe underlying damage
A
Subdural - under the dura matter
4
Q
Where is this brain bleed located?
- Etiology: Often results from a arterial tear after a skull fx
- Lemon shaped
- Rapid arterial bleed
- Classic presentation: A lucid interval between time of injury and neuro deterioration
A
Epidural - bleeding above the dura mater
5
Q
Where is this bleed located?
- Etiology: Small arterial tears during initial injury
- Hydrocephalus and increased ICP
- Rapid onset
- “Worst headache of my life”
- Monitor for vasospasms and re-bleeding
A
Subarachnoid - bleeding within arachnoid space
6
Q
Where is this bleed located?
- Etiology: Most commonly caused by systemic hypertension in hemmoragic strokes but can be seen in trauma, AVM, Bleeding tumors or bleeding disorders
A
Intracerebral - bleeding within the brain tissue
7
Q
- Result of blunt rotational traumatic injuries that can cause shifting inside of skull
- SHearing of the brains long connecting nerve fibers
- Hard to detect on head CT
A
Diffuse Anoxal brain injury
DAI
8
Q
If these syptoms are present what is it called and what is it a sign of?
- Widened pulse pressure variation
- Bradycardia
- Irregular respirations
A
Cushings triad
Increased ICP
9
Q
Prerequisites for brain death testing
A
- Irreversible coma w/ unknown cause
- Neuroimaging
- Sedative drug effect absent
- No residual effect of paralytic drug
- Absence of acid-bace, electrolyte, or endocrine abnormality
- Normotensive & euvolemic
- Normal or near normal temp
- No spontaneous respirations
All should be yes before initiating testing
