Cardiac

Question 1

• Also called end-diastolic volume or filling pressures
• measured with RV & LV
• Factors that can effect: Venous return, total blood volume, atrial kick
• Can be high if pt needs diuretics
• Can be lod if pt needs fluids

Think volume

Answer 1

Preload

Question 2

Measurements of preload

Answer 2

• RV: RAP & CVP
• LV: LAP & PAOP

Question 3

Factors affecting preload

Answer 3

• Venous return
• total blood volume & distribution
• Atrial Kick

Question 4

What can lead to a high preload and how is it treated?

Answer 4

• Volume overload or ‘wet’ patient
• Diuretics

Question 5

What can lead to a low preload and how do you treat it?

Answer 5

• Patient is ‘dry’
• Needs fluids: crystalloids, colloids, albumin

Question 6

• Measured with cardiac output and Cardiac index
• Affected by ventricle size, myocardial fiber stretch, calcium availability

Think pump

Answer 6

Contractility

Question 7

Meds to increase contractility

Answer 7

• Vasopressors
• Inotrops
• Vasodilators

Question 8

• The resistance the LV must overcome to pump & circulate blood to the rest of the body
• Also called ‘end-systolic wall stress’
• Measured with SVR
• Affected by: Arterial tone, constriction, dialation

Think resistance

Answer 8

Afterload

Question 9

How to treat high SVR

Constriction

Answer 9

Vasodilation

Question 10

How to treat low SVR

Dialation

Answer 10

Vasopressors

Question 11

ST-Segment depression

?

Answer 11

Ischemia

Question 12

ST-Segment elevation

?

Answer 12

INjury

Question 13

Q Waves

?

Answer 13

Infarction