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Medical Scribe Semester 1 > Neurological > Flashcards

Neurological Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Stroke

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

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2
Q

Blood Clot in the Brain

A

Ischemic CVA

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3
Q

Brain Bleed

A

Hemorrhagic CVA

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4
Q

Mini Stroke

A

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

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5
Q

Aphasic

A

Absence of the ability to neurologically generate or understand language. Either in ability to create words or inability to understand spoken words.

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6
Q

Ataxia

A

Loss of Coordination

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7
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

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8
Q

Epilepsy

A

Seizure disorder

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9
Q

Facial assymmetry

A

drooping of one side of the face indicating neurological damage.

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10
Q

Hemiparesis

A

weakness of one half of the body

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11
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one half of the body

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12
Q

Loss of Consciousness

A

LOC Passing Out

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13
Q

Diabetes Mellitus II

A

the inadequacy of insulin to control the glucose level.

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14
Q

What causes Diabetes Mellitus?

A

hyperglycemia, inadequate insulin secretion excessive glycogen secretion, resistance to insulin action.

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15
Q

What are some symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Unusual Weight loss or weight gain, polyuria (excessive urination), (polydipsia (excessive thirst), blurred vision, N/V (Nausea and Vomitting)

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16
Q

What do you use to diagnose DM II?

A

Fasting Blood Glucose Hemoglobin A1C

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17
Q

Diabetes Pharmacological Management

A

Injected: Humalog, Lantus, Sliding Scale
Oral: Metformin, Glyburide

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18
Q

What is Hyperlipidemia (HLD)?

A

An imbalance of HDL and LDL. An elevated level of lipid in the blood causes plaque build-up along the arterial walls.

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19
Q

Risk Factors of HLD?

A

FHx of HLD, high Lipid diet, physical inactivity. ETOH

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20
Q

Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus?

A

FHx of DM, high carb diet, lack of exercise, obesity.

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21
Q

Non-Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus

A

Exercise, Weight loss, low carb diet, blood glucose log.

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of HLD?

A

Asymptomatic

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23
Q

What do you use to diagnose HLD?

A

Lipid panel measuring cholesterol and triglycerides.

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24
Q

Pharmacological Management of HLD

A

-Statin drugs
Crestor
Lipitor
(inhibits the production of cholesterol)

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25
Q

Non-Pharmacological Management of HLD

A

Low-lipid diet, decrease ETOH, weight loss/exercise, close follow-up

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26
Q

What is Hypertension (HTN)?

A

High-Blood Pressure 140/90

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27
Q

What are the risk factors of HTN?

A

FHx of HTN, high-sodium diet, smoking, ETOH.

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28
Q

Symptoms of HTN?

A

Often asymptomatic. Headache is the most common symptom.

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29
Q

How do you diagnose HTN?

A

Blood pressure readings. Typically needing several high readings.

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30
Q

What is a diagnostic test of HTN?

A

Ambulatory monitoring, lab test, EKG, ECG.

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31
Q

Pharmacological Management of HTN

A

Ace Inhibitors, ARB’s, Ca Channel Blockers, Diuretics.

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32
Q

Non Pharmacological Management of HTN

A

Low-sodium diet, exercise, BP Logs, Smoking and ETOH cessation.

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33
Q

What is Coronary Artery DIsease (CAD)?

A

Narrowing or the Coronary Arteries decreasing blood flow to the heart muscle causing ischemia.

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34
Q

RIsk Factors of CAD?

A

FHx < 55 y/o HTN, HLD, DM, Smoking

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35
Q

Symptoms of CAD

A

Chest pain or pressure - worse with exertion - improved with rest - improved with nitroglycerin (NTG)

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36
Q

How do you Diagnose CAD?

A

Cardiac Catheterization by Cardiologist

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37
Q

Pharmacological Management of CAD?

A

ASA - Aspirin (Anti-platelet drug, prevents clotting) Nitroglycerin (vasodilator)

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38
Q

Surgical Management of CAD

A

Angioplasty (minimal invasive) -balloon inserted to open area of blockage
Coronary Stent (more invasive) similar to angioplasty but the stent is left in place.
CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Invasive) Open Heart Surgery

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39
Q

Non Pharmacological Management of CAD

A

Managing Risks (HLD, HTN, DM), Exercise and weight loss, managing stress, smoking cessation.

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40
Q

Ovary and Fallopian tube removal

A

Salpingo-Oophorectomy

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41
Q

Tonsils removed

A

Tonsillectomy

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42
Q

Adenoids removed

A

Adenoidectomy

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43
Q

Neck Arteries Cleaned

A

Carotid Endarterectomy

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44
Q

Joint Repair

A

Anthroplasty

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45
Q

“Blood clot in my leg”

A

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

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46
Q

“Bulge in my Aorta”

A

Aortic Aneurysm

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47
Q

“Bad flow in my legs”

A

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

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48
Q

Heart Disease

A

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

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49
Q

Heart Attack

A

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

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50
Q

Irregular Heartbeat

A

Arrhythmia

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51
Q

Emphysema or Chronic Bronchitis

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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52
Q

Blood Clot in the lung

A

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

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53
Q

lung infection

A

Pneumonia (PNA)

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54
Q

“Balloon in my heart”

A

Angioplasty

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55
Q

“Stents in my heart”

A

Coronary Stents

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56
Q

Heart Bypass

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

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57
Q

Breast Removal

A

Mastectomy

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58
Q

Part of my lung removed

A

Partial Lobectomy

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59
Q

Reflux

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

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60
Q

Ulcers

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

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61
Q

Irritable Bowel

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

62
Q

Bladder Infection

A

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

63
Q

Kidney Infection

A

Pyelonephritis

64
Q

High blood pressure

A

Hypertension (HTN)

65
Q

High Cholesterol

A

Hyperlipidemia (HLD)

66
Q

Appendix removed

A

Appendectomy

67
Q

Gallbladder removal

A

Cholecystectomy

68
Q

Part of my colon removed

A

Partial colectomy

69
Q

Spleen removed

A

Splenectomy

70
Q

Kidney removed

A

Nephrectomy

71
Q

Uterus removed

A

Hysterectomy

72
Q

Ovary removed

A

Oophorectomy

73
Q

Yellow Eyes

A

Icterus

74
Q

Slow Heart Rate

A

Bradycardia

75
Q

“red throat”

A

Pharyngitis

76
Q

Fast heart rate

A

Tachycardia

77
Q

Fainting

A

Syncope

78
Q

Colon removal

A

Colectomy

79
Q

“Tubes tied”

A

Tubal Ligation - fallopian tubes are cut, tied, or blocked.

80
Q

“Open heart surgery”

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

81
Q

“Adenoid removal”

A

Adenoidectomy

82
Q

TM Dullness (System)

A

Ears

83
Q

Murmurs/Rubs/Gallops (System)

A

Cardiovascular

84
Q

Urticaria (System)

A

Skin

85
Q

ACE Inhibitors
Which disease?

A

HTN. Relax arteries and block reabsorption of water by the kidney Ex: benazepril and lisinopril

86
Q

Ca Channel Blockers
Which Disease?

A

HTN. Dilate arteries and reduce the force of the heart’s contractions Ex: amlodipine and diltiazem

87
Q

Diuretics
Which disease?

A

HTN. Reduce the volume of fluid in the blood vessels by urinating excess fluid. Ex; Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

88
Q

ARB’s
Which Disease?

A

HTN. Dilate the arteries. Ex: losartan and Olmesartan

89
Q

Medication used to treat HLD and how?

A

by inhibiting the production of cholesterol
Ex: Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)

90
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) which disease?

A

CAD Aspirin- antiplatelet drug that prevents clotting (81 mg/dy)

91
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG) which disease?

A

CAD Vasodilator - can be used to prevent angina or relieve an angina attack that is already occurring.

92
Q

Humalog

A

rapid acting insulin. injected immediately before or after meals

93
Q

Lantus

A

Long acting insulin, injected once daily

94
Q

Sliding Scale

A

Insulin Dosage (injected) based on current glucose

95
Q

Metformin

A

Long acting oral med, taken with meals

96
Q

Glyburide

A

Induces pancreas to produce insulin, taken with meals

97
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA) & CC

A

Inflammation of the joint causes loss of cartilage, bone changes , and deterioration of tendons and ligaments. Results in severe joint pain. AKA Degeneratibe Joint Disease (DJD)
CC: Joint Pain

98
Q

Auto Immune Conditions

A

Autoimmune conditions occur when the patient’s immune system mistakenly attacks it’s own body.

99
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Autoimmune condition where the body attacks healthy joint tissue. Leads to inflammation, cartilage loss, bone erosion/bone deformity.
CC: Joint Pain

100
Q

Asthma

A

Respiratory condition that affects the bronchioles of the lungs, causing inflammation and bronchospasm.
CC: Wheezing & SOB (Shortness of Breath)

101
Q

COPD Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis

A

common chronic inflammatory lung disease causing decreased airflow from the lungs.

Emphysema: the air sacs of the lungs are destroyed (usually due to smoking).

Chronic Bronchitis: long term inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles
CC: SOB, Wheezing, Cough

102
Q

CHF

A

(Congestive Heart Failure)
the heart pump becomes large and inefficient. stops being able to efficiently pump blood causing a backup of fluid in the body.

Fluid can accumulate in the lungs, legs, and veins in the neck.
CC: SOB. Edema

103
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

A

gradual loss of kidney function. kidneys are no longer able to filter blood effectively leading to build up of waste.
CC: Asymptomatic

104
Q

Opposite

A

Contralateral

105
Q

Tennis Elbow

A

Lateral Epicondylitis

106
Q

Golfer’s Elbow

A

Medial Epidondylitis

107
Q

Golfer’s Elbow

A

Medial Epicondylitis

108
Q

Top of Foot

A

Dorsum

109
Q

Inside of

A

Medial aspect

110
Q

Kneecap

A

Patella

111
Q

Bone Spur

A

Oteophyte

112
Q

Shoulder Blade

A

Spatula

113
Q

Frozen Shoulder

A

Adhesive Capsulitis

114
Q

Collarbone

A

Clavicle

115
Q

Broken Wrist

A

Distal Radius Fracture

116
Q

Trigger Finger

A

Stenosing Tenosynovitis

117
Q

Shot

A

Injection

118
Q

Scope

A

Arthroscopy

119
Q

Walk

A

Ambulate

120
Q

Broken Bone

A

Fracture

121
Q

Bruise

A

Contusion

122
Q

Pins and Needs

A

Paresthesia

123
Q

Bend Forward

A

Flexion

124
Q

Outside of

A

Lateral Aspect

125
Q

Both Left and Right

A

Bilateral

126
Q

Near the Surface

A

Superficial

127
Q

Armpit

A

Axilla

128
Q

Unknown Origin

A

Idiopathic

129
Q

Thigh Bone

A

Femur

130
Q

Inward Motion

A

Inversion

131
Q

Outward Motion

A

Eversion

132
Q

Sugar

A

Glucose

133
Q

Wasting Away

A

Atrophy

134
Q

Kidney Stones

A

Renal Calculi

135
Q

Blood Clot

A

Thrombus

136
Q

Blood in Urine

A

Hematuria

137
Q

Bed Wetting at Night

A

Nocturnal Enuresis

138
Q

Runny Nose

A

Rhinorrhea

139
Q

Uncontrolled Twitching of the Eye

A

Blepharospasm

140
Q

Difficulty Breathing through the nose

A

Nasal Obstruction

141
Q

Broken Wrist

A

Distal Radial Fracture

141
Q

Broken Wrist

A

Distal Radial Fracture

142
Q

Related to the heart

A

Cardiac

143
Q

Related to the stomach

A

gastric

144
Q

Gel Shot

A

Viscosupplmentation Injection

145
Q

Unknown Origin (Disease/Condition)

A

Idiopathic

146
Q

Thigh Bone

A

Femur

147
Q

Inward motion (of ankle)

A

inversion

148
Q

Outward motion (of ankle)

A

eversion

149
Q

Vomiting

A

Emesis

150
Q

Related to Cartilage

A

Chondral

151
Q

Crepitus

A

Creaky joints

Medical Scribe Semester 1 (3 decks)

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