Neurological 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between afferent and efferent
afferent = towards efferent = away from
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the neuronal cellular constituents?
microtubules/filaments, neurofibrils, and Nissl substances
What are Nissl substances?
granules in the cell body that do the job of rough endoplasmic reticulum
What are the three main components of a neuron?
cell body (soma), dendrites, and the axon
When cell bodies are densely packed in the CNS what is it called?
nuclei
Cell bodies that are densely packed in the PNS are called what?
ganglia
Where is the lowest threshold of stimulation where the action potential begins?
INITIAL beginning part of the axon
What is cone-shaped process where the axon leaves the cell body?
axon hillock
What is myelin made of?
lipid material
What are the interruptions of the myelin sheath called?
nodes of Ranvier
What is the event that occurs when branching axons influence other neurons?
divergence
What is the event that occurs when numerous neurons converge onto one neuron?
convergence
How are neurons classified?
according to the number of processes extending from its body
What are the three types of neuroglia?
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia
What is Wallerian degeneration?
injury or disease to a peripheral nerve
What do you call a synapse that releases neurotransmitter over a long period of time?
temporal summation
What occurs when multiple presynaptic to exceed the threshold?
spatial summation
Which lobe in the brain plays a key role in speech?
Wernicke lobe
What is the relay center (motor and sensory) part of the brain?
midbrain (diencephalon)
What is the hindbrain made up of?
pons and the cerebellium
What are the three plexuses stemming from the spinal cord?
brachial, sacral, and lumbar
