Neurologic System Flashcards
Central nervous system
1. Parts
2. Function
Composed of the brain and the spinal cord.
The main network for control of coordination of the body.
The peripheral nervous system
1. Parts
2. Function
The peripheral nervous system is composed of the cranial nerves spinal nerves. Ascending and descending pathways.
Transmit information from the peripheral nervous system to the central. And from the central to the peripheral.
The autonomic nervous system
1. Divisions and their functions
The autonomic nervous system is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus. It has effects on blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and digestion.
The sympathetic division controls the “fight or flight” response. Stimulation results in increased awareness, heart rate, blood pressure.
The parasympathetic division controls the “rest and digest” response. Lowered vitals increased digestion.
The brain
1. Main components
2. CO
The brain is divided into three main parts
1. The cerebrum
2. The cerebellum
3. The brainstem
The brain receives roughly 20% of the hearts CO
The cerebrum
Part of the brain. Divided into lobes. Lobes control contra lateral parts of the body.
Lobes - frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
The frontal lobe
The front most portion of the cerebrum. Involved in movement both gross and fine. The motor cortex is located here. Works with the cerebellum to control movements.
The parietal lobe
The parietal lobe is located at the top most portion of the cerebrum. The parietal lobe is responsible for sensory reception. Taste, smell, touch, hearing, temperature, pressure, pain, size, shape, etc. Recognition of body parts and body positioning.
The occipital lobe
The posterior most part of the cerebrum. Vision center. Interprets visual data.
The temporal lobe
Located over the temples. Part of the cerebrum. Over the ears. Controls hearing and location of sounds. Plays a role in processing sensations alongside the parietal lobe. The Wernicke area is located here which is the reception and interpretation of speech.
The cerebellum
1. Main function
2. Location
3. Controls
A part of the brain. Located under the occipital lobe at the back of the head.
Works together with the motor cortex in the frontal lobe to control voluntary movement. processes sensory information alongside the parietal and temporal lobes.
Ipsilateral control over the body parts
Brainstem
1. Function
2. Structures
Controls many involuntary functions.
Medulla, pons, midbrain, thalamus, diencephalon
Olfactory Nerve
Cranial nerve #1. A sensory nerve. Controls sense of smell.
Optic nerve
Cranial nerve #2. A sensory nerve. Controls visual acuity and visual fields.
Oculomotor Nerve
Cranial nerve #3. A sensory and motor nerve. Controls eyelid movement and extra ocular movements. Plays a role in pupillary constriction.
The tochlear nerve
Cranial nerve 4. A motor nerve. Controls the downward, inward eye movements.
The trigrminal nerve
Cranial nerve 5. A sensory and motor nerve. Controls facial sensation (forehead, chin, cheeks, etc.). Controls cornea sensation. Opens and closes the jaw.
The abducens nerve
Cranial nerve 6. A motor nerve. Controls lateral movement of the eyes. Often the first cranial nerve affected with brain swelling
The facial nerve
Cranial nerve 7. A motor and sensory nerve. Controls facial movements. Plays a role in in speech (labial b, m, w, rounded vowels). Anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
The acoustic nerve
Cranial nerve 8. A sensory nerve. Plays a role in hearing and equilibrium.
The glossopharyngeal nerve
Cranial nerve 9. A sensory and motor nerve. Plays a role in speech and swallowing. Controls the gag reflex. Posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
The vagus nerve
Cranial nerve 10. A sensory nerve and motor nerve. Plays a role in heart, lungs, and digestive tract.
The spinal accessory nerve
Cranial nerve 11. A motor nerve. Turns the head and shrugs the shoulders.
Hypoglossal Nerve
Cranial nerve 12. A motor nerve. Controls the movement of the tongue. Plays a role in speech.
Components of the focused neurologic exam
- Proprioception/ cerebellar function
- Cranial nerves
- Reflexes
- Sensory function