Module 2 Study Guide Flashcards
Cranial Nerve 1
1. Name
2. Type of nerve?
3. Function
4. Common abnormal findings
5. How is it assessed?
- The olfactory nerve
- This is a sensory nerve
- Controls sense of smell and interpretation of smell
- Lesion of the olfactory nerve, allergic rhinitis, smoking, old age, allergies, or inflammation.
- Making sure the nares are patent. Odor identification test.
Cranial Nerve 2
1. Name
2. Type of nerve?
3. Function
4. Common abnormal findings
5. How is it assessed?
- Optic nerve
- Sensory nerve
- Controls visual acuity, peripheral vision
- Decreased visual acuity, reduced peripheral vision. Optic neuropathy, retinal detachment, hemorrhage, stroke.
- Visual acuity test, visual field confrontation test, ophthalmoscope eye exam.
Cranial nerve 3
1. Name
2. Type of nerve?
3. Function
4. Common abnormal findings
5. How is it assessed?
- Oculomotor nerve
- Sensory and motor nerve
- Controls eye movements except laterally (toward ear on the same side and rotating the eyes downwards). Adjusts the shape of the lens to view objects at a distance or up close (accommodation). It also adjusts pupil width to allow more or less light in.
- Reduced eye movement, inability to accommodate, or pupillary dysfunction.
- View the pupils look for size, shape, symmetry, the pupillary response to direct and consensual light, the ability to accommodate. Having the patient follow an object through the six fields of cardinal vision.
Cranial nerve 4
1. Name
2. Type of nerve?
3. Function
4. Common abnormal findings
5. How is it assessed?
- Trochlear nerve
- This is a motor nerve
- The trochlear nerve has one job, it controls the superior oblique muscle of the eyes which allows you to look down.
- Inability or impaired ability to look down
- Assessed via the six cardinal fields of vision exam
Cranial nerve 5
1. Name
2. Type of nerve?
3. Function?
4. Common abnormal findings?
5. How is it assessed?
- Trigeminal nerve
- Motor and sensory nerve
- Plays a role in facial sensation, jaw movement, and blink reflex.
4. - Assessed via palpation of the facial muscles and jaw muscles. Exam of the patient’s ability to differentiate light touch on the forehead, cheeks, and chin. Assessment of the presence of the blink reflex.
Cranial nerve 6
1. Name
2. Type of nerve
3. Function
4. Common abnormalities
5. How is it assessed?
- Abducens nerve
- Motor nerve
- Has the job of moving the eyes laterally, toward the ear
- Inability or impaired ability to look laterally. This nerve is often the first affected by tumors of the area. Strabismus.
- Assessed via the six cardinal fields of vision.
Cranial nerve 7
1. Name
2. Type of nerve
3. Function
4. Common abnormalities
5. How is it assessed?
- Facial nerve
- Sensory and motor nerve
- Movement of the face’s muscles, speech, anterior 2/3 of the tongues ability to taste.
- Assessed via a series of facial expressions to test for muscle symmetry and control, listening to the patient’s speech, and doing a taste identification test.
Cranial nerve 8
1. Name
2. Type of nerve
3. Function
4. Common abnormalities
5. How is it assessed?
- Acoustic nerve
- Sensory nerve
- Hearing
- Lateralization, decreased air conduction, increased bone conduction
- Whisper test, weber test, Rinne test
Cranial nerve 9
1. Name
2. Type of nerve
3. Function
4. Common abnormalities
5. How is it assessed?
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Sensory and motor nerve
- Posterior 1/3 of the tongues ability to taste. Ability to swallow.
- Assessed along side the vagus nerve. Looks at ability to swallow. Taste test the tongues posterior 1/3.
Cranial nerve 10
1. Name
2. Type of nerve
3. Function
4. Common abnormalities
5. How is it assessed?
- Vagus nerve
- Sensory and motor nerve
- Has many functions in the parasympathetic realm. Plays a role in taste and speech.
Cranial nerve 11
1. Name
2. Type of nerve
3. Function
4. Common abnormalities
5. How is it assessed?
- Spinal accessory nerve
- Motor nerve
- Controls the muscle movement of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
- Palpation and motor movement of the involved muscles
Cranial nerve 12
1. Name
2. Type of nerve
3. Function
4.
5. How assessed?
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Motor and sensory nerve
- Tongue movement and speech
- Movement of the tongue and speaking
Chronic disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked electrical discharges of cerebral neurons?
Epilepsy
Progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the myelin of the brain’s white matter?
Multiple sclerosis
Recurrent sharp paroxysmal pain that radiates into one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve?
Trigeminal neuralgia
Acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, often due to a virus
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord
Meningitis
A clinical syndrome of intracranial hypertension that mimics brain tumors
Pseudotumor Cerebri
Autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction. Antibodies are directed to destroy acetylcholine receptors at the junction leading to decreased amounts of Ach available. Leads to muscles dysfunction.
Myasthenia Gravis
A sudden interruption of blood supply to a part of the brain or the rupture of a blood vessel, spilling its blood into spaces around the brain cells.
Stroke - ischemic then hemorrhagic
A condition where lesions occur in the white and gray matter with irreversible CNS damage. Onset age is 20-40, women are affected twice as often as men.
Multiple sclerosis
This causes displacement of tissue and pressure, affecting the cerebrospinal fluid circulation; function is threatened through compression and destruction of tissues.
Intracranial tumor
An autoimmune condition triggered by a bacterial or viral infection that damages the peripheral nerves, leading to denervation and atrophy
GBS
Excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production or malabsorption of the CSF causes obstructed venous drainage of CSF. Obesity is a contributing factor. Most common in women of child bearing age
Pseudotumor Cerebri