Neurologic & Muscular disorders

Question 1

Persistent vegetative state

Answer 1

denotes a chronic condition in which there is preservation of the sleep-wake cycle but no awareness of self or the environment and no recovery of mental function.
Sleep-wake cycles are present

Question 2

Minimally conscious state

Answer 2

denotes patients that do not meet criteria for persistent vegetative state. These patients occasionally may have purposeful movements

Question 3

Brain death

Answer 3

refers to patients in coma without brainstem reflexes or spontaneous respirations.

Question 4

SEIZURE DISORDERS (EPILEPSIES)

Answer 4

seizure is a sudden, transient disturbance of brain function, manifested by involuntary motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic phenomena, alone or in any combination, often
accompanied by alteration or loss of consciousness.

Question 5

Seizures can occur after (5) _______ insult to the brain

Answer 5

metabolic
traumatic
anoxic
infectious
spontaneously with out previous CNS insult

Question 6

Repeated seizures without an evident acute symptomatic cause or provocation (fever) are defined as _____

Answer 6

epilepsy

Question 7

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defines (7) types

Answer 7

types of generalized seizures are recognized with the new classification:

generalized tonic clonic,
absence (typical, atypical and with special features),
myoclonic,
myoclonic atonic,
tonic,
clonic,
and atonic seizures.

Question 8

Diagnostic evaluation

Answer 8

The extent and urgency of the diagnostic evaluation is determined, in general,
by the child’s age,
the severity and type of seizure,
whether the child is ill or injured, and the clinician’s suspicion about the underlying cause.

Question 9

We use ____ and ____ for clinical evaluation

Answer 9

EEG and MRI

Question 10

What is the prognostic value of EEG? (3)

Answer 10

EEG following febrile seizures is almost always normal and is not clearly predictive of subsequent seizures and therefore is not useful in these situations.

Hypsarrhythmia or slow spike and wave patterns support the diagnosis of infantile spasms and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Central-temporal (rolandic spikes) and occipital spike-wave activity (occipital paroxysms) are the EEG correlates of idiopathic focal epilepsies of childhood.