Neurología

Question 1

What are the classic manifestations of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)?

Answer 1

Ascending paralysis and areflexia

Additional common symptoms include paresthesias, pain, and facial paralysis.

Question 2

What percentage of patients with GBS initially have normal reflexes?

Answer 2

Up to 10%

This highlights variability in the clinical presentation of GBS.

Question 3

What diagnostic tests may be normal in the first week of Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Answer 3

Lumbar puncture and electromyography/nerve-conduction study

As many as 50% of cases may show normal results during this period.

Question 4

What is cytoalbuminologic dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid in GBS?

Answer 4

Elevated protein but normal leukocyte count

This finding is not always present, especially early in the disease course.

Question 5

Why should patients with suspected GBS be evaluated for respiratory function?

Answer 5

Catastrophic respiratory failure can occur quickly

This can happen even in patients with normal oxygen saturation.

Question 6

What type of care do patients with GBS usually require?

Answer 6

Hospitalization for evaluation, supportive care, and monitoring

Those with dysautonomia and respiratory failure should be monitored in an intensive care unit.

Question 7

What key learning point is associated with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Answer 7

Acute onset of progressive dyspnea and paresthesias with diminished reflexes

This presentation is most consistent with a diagnosis of GBS.