Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Neuroglia (Quiz 1) > Flashcards

Neuroglia (Quiz 1) Flashcards

1
Q

The Brain and Spinal Cord

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Everything outside of the CNS

Carries sensory (afferent) info from sensory receptors to the CNS

Carries motor (efferent) instructions from the CNS to the effectors

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Divisions of the PNS

A

1) Somatic Nervous System
2) Autonomic Nervous System
3) Enteric Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Division of the PNS that controls skeletal muscle

Voluntary Control

A

Somatic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Division of the PNS that controls the heart, smooth muscle in viscera, blood vessels and glands

A

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

1) Sympathetic Nervous System
2) Parasympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

“Resting and Digestion” division of ANS

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carries most Parasympathetic Output

A

The Vagus Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

“Fight or Flight (or Freeze)” division of ANS

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Division of the PNS that controls the GI Tract

A

Enteric Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Refers to a structure that is long and thin

A

Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nerve Fibre AKA

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A bundle of axons in the PNS

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A bundle of Axons in the CNS

A

Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nerve Cell AKA

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

“glue”

Protects and Supports Neurons

A

Neuroglia

aka Glia

17
Q

Myelin-producing Cells in the PNS

Respond well to most forms of injury

A

Schwann Cells

18
Q

Increases speed at which impulses propagate along an axon and prevents nerve signal leakage

A

Myelin (Myelin Layer or Myelin Sheath)

*Myelin Sheaths line up along the length of an axon, with only small gaps in between them.

19
Q

Small gap between two myelin sheaths (Schwann Cells) lined up along an axon

A

Node of Ranvier

20
Q

Myelin producing cells in the CNS

1 Cell forms segments of Myelin for about 30 Neurons

Looks like sparse branches of a tree

More fragile than Schwann Cells

A

Oligodendrocytes

(oligo = few) + (dendron = tree) + (cyte = cell)

21
Q

A Disease that attacks Oligodendrocytes

Myelin replacement occurs but the process becomes unreliable and eventually stops

A

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

22
Q

“Star-shaped”

Most numerous glial cell in the CNS

Provide physical support to fragile neurons

Help to form the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

*Have long, highly branched processes which end on the walls of capillaries that contribute to the BBB

A

Astrocytes

23
Q

A complex filtration system that alters (lessens) the permeability of brain capillaries

Severly limits the passage of many harmful substances from the blood to the neurons. However, it also hinders the delivery of many important therapeutic agents to the brain

Is permeable to alcohol, amphetemines and some toxic metals

Trauma, radiation, hypertension and infection can affect efficiency

A

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

*In cases where a person has suffered a traumatic brain injury there is a 10-50% chance of developing epilepsy, due to a damaged BBB

24
Q

Adaptation of the brain in response to new situations in which structual changes happen within the Brain. Can result in changes to behaviour, thinking, and emotions.

A

Neuroplasticity (Brain Plasticity)

25
Q

Astrocytes have processes which wrap around Neurons to form?

A

a “tripartite synapse”

*Contributes to neural plasticity

26
Q

Three parts of a “Tripartite Synapse”

A

1) Presynaptic Neuron
2) Post Synaptic Neuron
3) Astrocyte

27
Q

An unfortunate product of Neural plasticity

A

Chronic Pain

28
Q

A disorder that causes a heightend response to painful stimulus

A

Hyperalgesia

29
Q

A disorder that causes a painful response to a normally non painful stimulus

A

Allodynia

30
Q

Clusters of Neuron Cell bodies in the PNS

A

Ganglia

31
Q

Clusters of Neuron cell bodies in the CNS

A

Nuclei (us)

32
Q

Glial cells that cover the surface of ganglia

Thought to have a similar role to astrocytes

Supply nutrients to the surrounding neurons and act as cushioning

*have been linked to Chronic pain in the PNS

A

Satellite Glial Cells

33
Q

Immune system cells that recognize, engulf and destroy infected, damaged or dead cells

A

Macrophages

34
Q

Resident Macrophages of the CNS

Facilitate and coordinate responses between the peripheral immune system and the brain

A

Microglia

35
Q

Affect the behaviour of other cells

Can be Pro- or Anti- Inflammatory

A

Cytokines

36
Q

Pro and Anti-inflammatory cytokines can be transported into the brain via 2 pathways.

A

1) Blood (Humoral Pathway)
2) The Vagus Nerve (Neural Pathway)

37
Q

Presents as pain, heat, redness, swelling and loss of function

(Cardinal Signs)

A

Peripheral Inflammation

38
Q

a) May resemble peripheral inflammation in situations such as meningitis, head trauma, or autoimmune disease of the CNS
b) Can be used to identify a different event driven by microglial cells, showing few if any of the cardinal signs of peripheral inflammation

A

Neuroinflammation

Neurology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions