Neurodiversity, ADHD, Autism

Question 1

When does the Neuroplasticity window close?

Answer 1

Never! You’re always learning, adapting, changing, modifying.

Question 2

1908 - the term Autism is used for the first time. “Turned into Self”

Question 3

1980s were first DMS criteria for “infantile autism”

Question 4

ASD treatments that have shown some promise:

Answer 4

Oxytocin
Probiotics
GF/CF diet
anti-depressants and antipsychotics may be needed in certain comorbidities behavioral or depression/anxiety but don’t treat autism itself.
Melatonin for sleep

Question 5

What is ABA - applied behavior analysis?

Answer 5

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a therapy based on the science of learning and behavior.
Helps understand: How behavior works
How behavior is affected by the environment
How learning takes place
Can help with: Increase language and communication skills
Improve attention, focus, social skills, memory, and academics
Decrease problem behaviors

Question 6

Autism must be described as with our without _____

Answer 6

Intellectual disability.

Question 7

Review theories of autism causation on slide 27

Answer 7

Genetics vs epigenetics vs Brocca’s area

Question 8

Screen for ASD at _____ and ______ mo visit using _______

Answer 8

18mo and 30
M-CHAT R/F, SWYC

Question 9

ASD diagnosis and Intervention Before _________ have best outcomes

Answer 9

12-18mo.

Question 10

Those with ASD and ADHD have issues with “communication” between functional brain regions and modulating brain activity in response to change in task. What other difference do ASD and ADHD brains have?

Answer 10

Delay and decrease in cortical thickness

Question 11

PE findings with ASD

Answer 11

1/4 of those with ASD have OFC >97%
Dietary obsessions and compulsions (poor weight gain or obesity)
Tone/reflex - asymmetry in tone or reflex

Question 12

Ancillary testing associated with ASD dx:

Answer 12

Vision and hearing
Speech, language and communication assessments
Developmental/Intelligence testing
Adaptive skills assessment
Neuropsychological and/or achievement testing
OT eval
State-based school early intervention services
ABA

Question 13

DSM5 criteria: Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction in ALL 3 of the following:

Answer 13

Social-emotional reciprocity
Nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
Developing, maintaining and understanding relationships.

Question 14

ASD DSM5 criteria: restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities; demonstrated by 2 or more of the following:

Answer 14

Stereotyped or repetitive movements, use of objects, or speech
Insistence on sameness, unwavering adherence to routines or ritualized patterns of behavior (verbal or nonverbal)
Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in strength or focus
Increased or decreased response to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment

Question 15

DSM5 Criteria ASD symptoms MUST:

Answer 15

Impair function (social, academic)
Be present in early developmental period
Are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay.

Question 16

Levels of ASD

Answer 16

Level 1 (requiring support)
Level 2 (requiring substantial support)
Level 3 (requiring very substantial support)

Question 17

ADHD - race car brain with bicycle breaks.

Question 18

Diagnosing ADHD in those <17yrs requires:
Over 17yrs requires:

Answer 18

<17: >=6 symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity or >= 6 symptoms of inattention

> =17: >=5 symptoms of H and I or >=5 symptoms of inattention

Question 19

ADHD DSM5 criteria: symptoms of Hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattention MUST:

Answer 19

Occur often, be present in more than one setting, persistent for at least 6 months
Present before the age of 12
Impair fxn in academic, social or occupational activities
Excessive for development of the child
Physical, situational or mental health conditions that could account for symptoms must be excluded.

Question 20

2 core symptoms of ADHD?

Answer 20

Hyperactivity/impulsivity
Inattention

Question 21

Review slides 77 and 78 for examples of hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive

Question 22

Look up the Conners, Broadband scales, ADHD specific rating scale.

Question 23

DDx for ADHD

Answer 23

ASD
Hyperthyroidism
Lead intoxication
Chaotic living situation
Intellectual disability
Depression
Anxiety.

Question 24

Side effects of ADHD stimulant treatment?

Answer 24

Appetite suppression (weight loss)
Headaches
Personality changes
Sleep disturbance
Weight loss

Question 25

IEP vs IFSP vs 504

Answer 25

Individualized Education Plan(3-21)
Individual Family Service Plan (0-3)
From 0-21 years
Kids who need specialized instruction.

504 is birth-death - kids with disabilities who don’t require specialized instruction. changes the environment to ensure equal access to education and services

Question 26

Review slide 102 for examples of assistance for different categories of disabilities.