Neurodiversity, ADHD, Autism Flashcards
When does the Neuroplasticity window close?
Never! You’re always learning, adapting, changing, modifying.
1908 - the term Autism is used for the first time. “Turned into Self”
1980s were first DMS criteria for “infantile autism”
ASD treatments that have shown some promise:
Oxytocin
Probiotics
GF/CF diet
anti-depressants and antipsychotics may be needed in certain comorbidities behavioral or depression/anxiety but don’t treat autism itself.
Melatonin for sleep
What is ABA - applied behavior analysis?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a therapy based on the science of learning and behavior.
Helps understand: How behavior works
How behavior is affected by the environment
How learning takes place
Can help with: Increase language and communication skills
Improve attention, focus, social skills, memory, and academics
Decrease problem behaviors
Autism must be described as with our without _____
Intellectual disability.
Review theories of autism causation on slide 27
Genetics vs epigenetics vs Brocca’s area
Screen for ASD at _____ and ______ mo visit using _______
18mo and 30
M-CHAT R/F, SWYC
ASD diagnosis and Intervention Before _________ have best outcomes
12-18mo.
Those with ASD and ADHD have issues with “communication” between functional brain regions and modulating brain activity in response to change in task. What other difference do ASD and ADHD brains have?
Delay and decrease in cortical thickness
PE findings with ASD
1/4 of those with ASD have OFC >97%
Dietary obsessions and compulsions (poor weight gain or obesity)
Tone/reflex - asymmetry in tone or reflex
Ancillary testing associated with ASD dx:
Vision and hearing
Speech, language and communication assessments
Developmental/Intelligence testing
Adaptive skills assessment
Neuropsychological and/or achievement testing
OT eval
State-based school early intervention services
ABA
DSM5 criteria: Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction in ALL 3 of the following:
Social-emotional reciprocity
Nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
Developing, maintaining and understanding relationships.
ASD DSM5 criteria: restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities; demonstrated by 2 or more of the following:
Stereotyped or repetitive movements, use of objects, or speech
Insistence on sameness, unwavering adherence to routines or ritualized patterns of behavior (verbal or nonverbal)
Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in strength or focus
Increased or decreased response to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
DSM5 Criteria ASD symptoms MUST:
Impair function (social, academic)
Be present in early developmental period
Are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay.
Levels of ASD
Level 1 (requiring support)
Level 2 (requiring substantial support)
Level 3 (requiring very substantial support)
ADHD - race car brain with bicycle breaks.
Diagnosing ADHD in those <17yrs requires:
Over 17yrs requires:
<17: >=6 symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity or >= 6 symptoms of inattention
> =17: >=5 symptoms of H and I or >=5 symptoms of inattention
ADHD DSM5 criteria: symptoms of Hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattention MUST:
Occur often, be present in more than one setting, persistent for at least 6 months
Present before the age of 12
Impair fxn in academic, social or occupational activities
Excessive for development of the child
Physical, situational or mental health conditions that could account for symptoms must be excluded.
2 core symptoms of ADHD?
Hyperactivity/impulsivity
Inattention
Review slides 77 and 78 for examples of hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive
Look up the Conners, Broadband scales, ADHD specific rating scale.
DDx for ADHD
ASD
Hyperthyroidism
Lead intoxication
Chaotic living situation
Intellectual disability
Depression
Anxiety.
Side effects of ADHD stimulant treatment?
Appetite suppression (weight loss)
Headaches
Personality changes
Sleep disturbance
Weight loss
IEP vs IFSP vs 504
Individualized Education Plan(3-21)
Individual Family Service Plan (0-3)
From 0-21 years
Kids who need specialized instruction.
504 is birth-death - kids with disabilities who don’t require specialized instruction. changes the environment to ensure equal access to education and services
Review slide 102 for examples of assistance for different categories of disabilities.
