Neurodevelopmental Disorders/Conditions arising in Early Life Flashcards
This condition usually begins in infancy; people with it have low intelligence that causes them to need special help in coping with life
Intellectual disability
This term indicates persons nominally ranked in the IQ
range of 71–84 who do not have the coping problems associated with intellectual disability
Borderline intellectual functioning
From early childhood, the patient has impaired social interactions and communications, and shows stereotyped behaviors and interests
Autism spectrum disorder
Use when a child under the age of 5 seems to be falling behind developmentally but you cannot reliably assess the degree
Global developmental delay
Use this category when a child 5 years old or older cannot be reliably assessed, perhaps due to physical or mental impairment
Unspecified intellectual disability
A child’s delay in using spoken and written language is characterized by small vocabulary, grammatically incorrect sentences, and/or trouble understanding words
or sentences
Language disorder
Despite adequate vocabulary and the ability to
create sentences, these patients have trouble with the practical use of language; their conversational
interactions tend to be inappropriate
Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
Correct speech develops slowly for the patient’s age or dialect
Speech sound disorder
The normal fluency of speech is frequently
disrupted
Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
A child chooses not to talk, except when alone or with select intimates.
(DSM-5 lists this as an anxiety disorder)
Selective mutism
This may involve problems with reading, mathematics, or written expression
Specific learning disorder
Use for communication problems where you haven’t
enough information to make a specific diagnosis
Unspecified communication disorder
The patient is slow to develop motor coordination;
some also have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or learning disorders
Developmental coordination disorder
Patients repeatedly rock, bang their heads, bite themselves, or pick at their own skin or body orifices
Stereotypic movement disorder
Multiple vocal and motor tics occur frequently throughout the day in these patients
Tourette’s disorder
A patient has either motor or vocal tics, but not both
Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder
Tics occur for no longer than 1 year
Provisional tic disorder
Use one of these categories for tics that do not meet the
criteria for any of the preceding
Other or unspecified tic disorder
In this common condition, patients are hyperactive, impulsive, or inattentive, and often all three
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Use these categories for symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, or inattention that do not meet full criteria
for ADHD
Other specified (or unspecified) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Multiple examples of negativistic behavior persist for at least 6 months
Oppositional defiant disorder
A child persistently violates rules or the rights of others
Conduct disorder
The patient eats material that is not food
Pica
There is persistent regurgitation and chewing of food already eaten
Rumination disorder
At age 4 years or later, the patient repeatedly passes feces into clothing or onto the floor
Encopresis
At age 5 years or later, there is repeated voiding of urine (it can be voluntary or involuntary) into bedding or clothing
Enuresis
During the first part of the night, these patients cry out in apparent fear. Often they don’t really wake up at all. This
behavior is considered pathological only in adults, not children
Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder, sleep terror type
A child’s mood is persistently negative between severe temper outbursts
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
The patient becomes anxious when apart from parent or home
Separation anxiety disorder
