Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
ADHD, Autistic Spectrum
Define ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Characterised by a persistent pattern (at least 6 mths) of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has a direct negative impact on academic, occupational, or social functioning.
Describe the diagnostic requirements for ADHD.
Discuss inattention sx +hyperactivity/impuslivity sx + additional criter
Inattention (i.e. easily distracted, losing things, forgetful, daydreaming):
* 6+ sx of inattention (age upto 16 yrs)
* 5+ sx of inattention (17+ years)
* Inattention sx present at least 6mths + inappropriate for developmental level
Hyperactivity and impulsivity (i.e. excessive motor activity, talks too much, act in response to immediate stimuli w/out risk consideration):
* 6+ sx of inattention (age upto 16 yrs)
* 5+ sx of inattention (17+ years)
* Inattention sx present at least 6mths + inappropriate for developmental level
Additional criteria:
* Severe sx present before age 12 yrs
* Sx present in two or more settings (i.e. home and school)
* Sx interfere with quality of social, school functioning
* Sx not explained by another mental disorder (i.e. anxiety)
Mx of ADHD?
Conservative:
* Psychoeducation
* CBT
* Social skills training
Medical management:
* 1st line - methylphenidate or amfetamines (stimulant meds)
* 2nd line - Atomoxetine (selective noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitor)
What is autistic spectrum disorders?
Set of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterised of social, language and behavioural deficits
Sx of autism
Social:
* Play alone and avoid eye contact
* Lack ‘theory of mind’ - struggle to imagine from prespectives of others
Language communication:
* Speech and language delay
* Montonous tones of voice with limited expression
* Difficulty using pronouns (‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, etc)
* interpret speech literally
Behavioural traits:
* Exhibit narrow interests
* Ritualistic behaviours - rely on routine
* Learning difficulties
Mx of autism
- Behavioural tx
- Family support
